This article needs attention from an expert in physics. The specific problem is: Keldysh formalism is around for quite a while. One should cite some original work or review articles/books. Furthermore, Keldysh formalism is far more versatile than indicated in the article in its present form. WikiProject Physics may be able to help recruit an expert.(June 2011)
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.(June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Condensed matter physics
Phases
Phase transition
QCP
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Bose–Einstein condensate
Bose gas
Fermionic condensate
Fermi gas
Fermi liquid
Supersolid
Superfluidity
Luttinger liquid
Time crystal
Phase phenomena
Order parameter
Phase transition
QCP
Electronic phases
Electronic band structure
Plasma
Insulator
Mott insulator
Semiconductor
Semimetal
Conductor
Superconductor
Thermoelectric
Piezoelectric
Ferroelectric
Topological insulator
Spin gapless semiconductor
Electronic phenomena
Quantum Hall effect
Spin Hall effect
Kondo effect
Magnetic phases
Diamagnet
Superdiamagnet
Paramagnet
Superparamagnet Ferromagnet
Antiferromagnet Metamagnet
Spin glass
Quasiparticles
Phonon
Exciton
Plasmon Polariton
Polaron
Magnon
Roton
Soft matter
Amorphous solid
Colloid
Granular material
Liquid crystal
Polymer
Scientists
Van der Waals
Onnes
von Laue
Bragg
Debye
Bloch
Onsager
Mott
Peierls
Landau
Luttinger
Anderson
Van Vleck
Hubbard
Shockley
Bardeen
Cooper
Schrieffer
Josephson
Louis Néel
Esaki
Giaever
Kohn
Kadanoff
Fisher
Wilson
von Klitzing
Binnig
Rohrer
Bednorz
Müller
Laughlin
Störmer
Yang
Tsui
Abrikosov
Ginzburg
Leggett
Parisi
Physics portal
Category
v
t
e
In non-equilibrium physics, the Keldysh formalism or Keldysh–Schwinger formalism is a general framework for describing the quantum mechanical evolution of a system in a non-equilibrium state or systems subject to time varying external fields (electrical field, magnetic field etc.). Historically, it was foreshadowed by the work of Julian Schwinger and proposed almost simultaneously by Leonid Keldysh[1] and, separately, Leo Kadanoff and Gordon Baym.[2] It was further developed by later contributors such as O. V. Konstantinov and V. I. Perel.[3]
Extensions to driven-dissipative open quantum systems is given not only for bosonic systems,[4] but also for fermionic systems.[5]
The Keldysh formalism provides a systematic way to study non-equilibrium systems, usually based on the two-point functions corresponding to excitations in the system. The main mathematical object in the Keldysh formalism is the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF), which is a two-point function of particle fields. In this way, it resembles the Matsubara formalism, which is based on equilibrium Green functions in imaginary-time and treats only equilibrium systems.
^Keldysh, Leonid (1965). "Diagram technique for nonequilibrium processes". Sov. Phys. JETP. 20: 1018.
^Kadanoff, Leo; Baym, Gordon (1962). Quantum statistical mechanics. New York. ISBN 020141046X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Kamenev, Alex (2011). Field theory of non-equilibrium systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521760829. OCLC 721888724.
^Sieberer, Lukas; Buchhold, M; Diehl, S (2 August 2016). "Keldysh field theory for driven open quantum systems". Reports on Progress in Physics. 79 (9): 096001. arXiv:1512.00637. Bibcode:2016RPPh...79i6001S. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096001. PMID 27482736. S2CID 4443570.
^Müller, Thomas; Gievers, Marcel; Fröml, Heinrich; Diehl, Sebastian; Chiocchetta, Alessio (2021). "Shape effects of localized losses in quantum wires: Dissipative resonances and nonequilibrium universality". Physical Review B. 104 (15): 155431. arXiv:2105.01059. Bibcode:2021PhRvB.104o5431M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.155431. S2CID 233481829.
In non-equilibrium physics, the Keldyshformalism or Keldysh–Schwinger formalism is a general framework for describing the quantum mechanical evolution...
faculty member at Texas A&M University. He is known for developing the Keldyshformalism, a powerful quantum field theory framework designed to describe a...
Keldysh (Russian: Келдыш) may refer to: Keldyshformalism, for studying non-equilibrium quantum systems Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, a 1980 Russian scientific...
collisions. Keldyshformalism (a.k.a. NEGF—non-equilibrium Green functions): A quantum approach to including stochastic dynamics is found in the Keldysh formalism...
to one loop without an explicit regulator. Schwinger believed in the formalism of local fields, while Feynman had faith in the particle paths. They followed...
a real-time formalism which come in two forms. A path-ordered approach to real-time formalisms includes the Schwinger–Keldyshformalism and more modern...
See for example the book: Also, it has been demonstrated that the Keldyshformalism provides a viable alternative to the replica approach. The first of...
the 1950s and 1960s Leonid Keldysh – a theoretical physicist known for developing the Keldyshformalism Mstislav Keldysh - a Soviet mathematician who...
I. Perel, Leo Kadanoff and Gordon Baym, and Leonid Keldysh independently develop Keldyshformalism. 1962: Jeffrey Goldstone, Yoichiro Nambu, Abdus Salam...
field approximation (SFA), or Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss theory is a physical model, started in 1964 by the Russian physicist Keldysh, is currently used to describe...
an elegant formalism based on the non-equilibrium Green's functions of Leo Kadanoff and Gordon Baym, and independently by Leonid Keldysh was advanced...
pp. 208–210. Hordiychuk 1989c, p. 174. Hordiychuk 1989c, pp. 157–166. Keldysh, Yuri Vsevolodovich, ed. (1990). "Lysenko, Nikolai Vitalievich". Encyclopedic...