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Breech-loading rifle
Kammerlader
The breech end of two Kammerlader rifles
Type
Breech-loading rifle
Place of origin
Sweden-Norway
Service history
In service
1842–1870
Production history
Designer
Unknown
Designed
1842
No. built
More than 40,000
Variants
Norwegian Army:
M1842
M1846
M1846/55
M1849
M1849/55
M1859
M1860 Long
M1860/67 Long
M1860 Short
M1860/67 Short
M1862 Artillery carbine
M1862/66 Artillery carbine
Royal Norwegian Navy:
M1845
M1849
M1852
M1852/67
M1855
M1855/67
M1857
M1857/67
M1860
M1860/67
Swedish Navy:
M1851
Various civilian models
Specifications
Mass
M1849/55: 5 kg (11 lb), other models likely differed from this
Length
M1849/55: 126 cm (50 in), other models likely differed from this
Barrel length
M1849/55: 78 cm (31 in), other models likely differed from this
Cartridge
Minié ball in paper cartridge
Action
See text
Rate of fire
Depended on how quickly the shooter could reload.
Muzzle velocity
Sources vary; between 265 m/s to 350 m/s
Effective firing range
Accurate to 1,100 m, see text.
Feed system
single-shot
Sights
V-notch and front post
The Kammerlader, or "chamber loader", was the first Norwegian breech-loading rifle, and among the first breech loaders adopted for use by an armed force anywhere in the world. A single-shot black-powder rifle, the kammerlader was operated with a crank mounted on the side of the receiver. This made it much quicker and easier to load than the weapons previously used. Kammerladers quickly gained a reputation for being fast and accurate rifles, and would have been a deadly weapon against massed ranks of infantry.
The kammerlader was introduced in 1842, and it is thought that about 40,000 were manufactured until about 1870. While the first flintlock breech-loading rifles, such as the Ferguson, were launched decades before 1842, Norway was among the first European countries to introduce breech loaders on a large scale throughout its army and navy. The kammerladers were manufactured in several different models, and most models were at some point modified in some way or other.
The kammerladers were phased out as more modern rifles were approved for use. They were either modified for rimfire cartridges, sold off to civilians or melted for scrap. Rifles sold to civilians were often modified for use as shotguns or hunting firearms. Today it is hard to find an unmodified kammerlader, and collectors often pay high prices for them.
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