Kamaiya and Kamlari (also called Kamalari) were two traditional systems of bonded labour practised in the western Terai of Nepal.[1] Both were abolished after protests, in 2000 and 2006 respectively.[2]
^Fujikura, T. (2001). "Emancipation of Kamaiyas: Development, Social Movement, and Youth Activism in Post-Jana Andolan Nepal". Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies. 21 (1): 29–35.
^Pyakuryal, K.N. (2011). "Emerging from Landlessness, Poverty, and Food Insecurity Circles in Nepal: The Legislative Approach" (PDF). Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Economics 1 (1): 26−36.
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this abolition, however, has been questioned. Haruwa–charuwa system Kamaiyaandkamlari "Agricultural bonded labour in Baitadi District Far Western Region...
formally outlawed the institution in the 1950s, and Nepal its Haliya, Haruwa–charuwa, Kamaiyaandkamlari systems in the 2000s. In 1840 American vice president...
involved in eradicating the practice of Kamaiyaandkamlari among the Tharu people in Western Nepal. Through the Kamlari system, Tharu girls as young as six...
abolished, and more than 11,000 labourers freed, in 2000. However, the system is believed to still persist in practice as many freed kamaiyas have begun...
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