"Königsberg question" redirects here. For the mathematical problem, see Seven Bridges of Königsberg.
Controversy over the status of Kaliningrad
Location of Kaliningrad Oblast in EuropeKaliningrad Oblast on the map of Russia
The Kaliningrad question[a] is a political question concerning the status of Kaliningrad Oblast as an exclave of Russia,[1] and its isolation from the rest of the Baltic region following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.[1]
In Western media, the region is often discussed in relation to the deployment of missile systems, initially as a response to the deployment of missile defense systems in Poland and the Czech Republic.[2] Russia views the region as a vital element of its ability to project power in the Baltic region.[3]
One position calls for the independence of Kaliningrad, and is supported by political forces such as the fringe Baltic Republican Party, which has been banned from electoral participation by the Kremlin. In 2023, it claimed to have held an online referendum, with 72.1 per cent of participants voting for Kaliningrad Oblast to leave the Russian Federation.[4][5][6][7]
A fringe position also considers the return of the province to Germany from the Russian Federation.[8][9] This question is mostly hypothetical, as the German government has stated that it has no claim to it and has formally renounced in international law any right to any lands east of the Oder by ratifying the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^ abRichard, Yann; Sebentsov, Alexander; Zotova, Maria (8 April 2015). "The Russian exclave of Kaliningrad. Challenges and limits of its integration in the Baltic region". Cybergeo. doi:10.4000/cybergeo.26945. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018.
^Harding, Luke (11 April 2007). "Russia threatening new cold war over missile defense". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^Michta, Andrew A. (9 December 2016). "Kaliningrad and the Escalatory Spiral in the Baltics". Carnegie Europe. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^"Интернет-референдумы о независимости пяти регионов России завершены: результаты". Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty (in Russian). 2023-03-03. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
^"Регионы России требуют независимости: сенсационные результаты онлайн-референдума". Главком | Glavcom (in Russian). 2023-03-03. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^uz, Daryo (2023-04-03). "Independence referendum held in 5 regions of Russia". Daryo.uz. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
^Krickus 2002, p. 125.
^Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "If Russia Gets Crimea, Should Germany Get Kaliningrad?" (Archive). The Moscow Times. March 21, 2014.
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