Global InformationKahlil Gibran information
Kahlil Gibran | |
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جُبْرَان خَلِيل جُبْرَان | |
 Gibran in 1913 | |
| Born | Gibran Khalil Gibran January 6, 1883 Bsharri, Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Ottoman Syria, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | April 10, 1931 (aged 48) New York City, United States |
| Resting place | Bsharri, modern-day Lebanon |
| Nationality | Lebanese and American |
| Alma mater | Académie Julian |
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| Known for | Leading author of the Modern Arabic literature |
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| Title | Chairman of the Pen League |
| Writing career | |
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| Period | Modern (20th century) |
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| Years active | from 1904 |
| Notable works | The Prophet; The Madman; Broken Wings |
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Gibran Khalil Gibran (Arabic: جُبْرَان خَلِيل جُبْرَان, ALA-LC: Jubrān Khalīl Jubrān, pronounced [ʒʊˈbraːn xaˈliːl ʒʊˈbraːn], or Jibrān Khalīl Jibrān, pronounced [ʒɪˈbraːn];[a][b] January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931), usually referred to in English as Kahlil Gibran[c] (pronounced /kɑːˈliːl dʒɪˈbrɑːn/ kah-LEEL ji-BRAHN),[4] was a Lebanese-American writer, poet and visual artist; he was also considered a philosopher, although he himself rejected the title.[5] He is best known as the author of The Prophet, which was first published in the United States in 1923 and has since become one of the best-selling books of all time, having been translated into more than 100 languages.[d]
Born in Bsharri, a village of the Ottoman-ruled Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate to a Maronite Christian family, young Gibran immigrated with his mother and siblings to the United States in 1895. As his mother worked as a seamstress, he was enrolled at a school in Boston, where his creative abilities were quickly noticed by a teacher who presented him to photographer and publisher F. Holland Day. Gibran was sent back to his native land by his family at the age of fifteen to enroll at the Collège de la Sagesse in Beirut. Returning to Boston upon his youngest sister's death in 1902, he lost his older half-brother and his mother the following year, seemingly relying afterwards on his remaining sister's income from her work at a dressmaker's shop for some time.
In 1904, Gibran's drawings were displayed for the first time at Day's studio in Boston, and his first book in Arabic was published in 1905 in New York City. [7] With the financial help of a newly met benefactress, Mary Haskell, Gibran studied art in Paris from 1908 to 1910. While there, he came in contact with Syrian political thinkers promoting rebellion in Ottoman Syria after the Young Turk Revolution;[8] some of Gibran's writings, voicing the same ideas as well as anti-clericalism,[9] would eventually be banned by the Ottoman authorities.[10] In 1911, Gibran settled in New York, where his first book in English, The Madman, was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1918, with writing of The Prophet or The Earth Gods also underway.[11] His visual artwork was shown at Montross Gallery in 1914,[12] and at the galleries of M. Knoedler & Co. in 1917. He had also been corresponding remarkably with May Ziadeh since 1912.[10] In 1920, Gibran re-founded the Pen League with fellow Mahjari poets. By the time of his death at the age of 48 from cirrhosis and incipient tuberculosis in one lung, he had achieved literary fame on "both sides of the Atlantic Ocean",[13] and The Prophet had already been translated into German and French. His body was transferred to his birth village of Bsharri (in present-day Lebanon), to which he had bequeathed all future royalties on his books, and where a museum dedicated to his works now stands.
In the words of Suheil Bushrui and Joe Jenkins, Gibran's life was "often caught between Nietzschean rebellion, Blakean pantheism and Sufi mysticism."[10] Gibran discussed different themes in his writings and explored diverse literary forms. Salma Khadra Jayyusi has called him "the single most important influence on Arabic poetry and literature during the first half of [the twentieth] century,"[14] and he is still celebrated as a literary hero in Lebanon.[15] At the same time, "most of Gibran's paintings expressed his personal vision, incorporating spiritual and mythological symbolism,"[16] with art critic Alice Raphael recognizing in the painter a classicist, whose work owed "more to the findings of Da Vinci than it [did] to any modern insurgent."[17] His "prodigious body of work" has been described as "an artistic legacy to people of all nations".[18]
- ^ Cachia 2002, p. 189
- ^ Farrāj ʻAṭā Sālim (August 24, 1998). كشاف معجم المؤلفين لكحالة (in Arabic). مكتبة الملك فهد الوطنية،. ISBN 9789960002842.
- ^ Gibran & Gibran 1991, p. 29
- ^ dictionary.com 2012.
- ^ Moussa 2006, p. 207; Kairouz 1995, p. 107.
- ^ Acocella 2007.
- ^ "Gibran National Committee - Biography". www.gibrankhalilgibran.org. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Waterfield chapter 5was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Bashshur, McCarus & Yacoub 1963, p. 229[volume needed]
- ^ a b c Bushrui & Jenkins 1998[page needed]
- ^ Juni 2000, p. 8.
- ^ Montross Gallery 1914.
- ^ Arab Information Center 1955, p. 11.
- ^ Jayyusi 1987, p. 4.
- ^ Amirani & Hegarty 2012.
- ^ Oweis 2008, p. 136.
- ^ Ghougassian 1973, p. 51.
- ^ Oakar 1984, pp. 1–3.
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