In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Osipovich and the family name is Tsederbaum.
Julius Osipovich Martov
Юлии Осипович Мартов
Julius Martov in 1917
Born
Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum
(1873-11-24)24 November 1873
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died
4 April 1923(1923-04-04) (aged 49)
Schömberg, Republic of Baden, Weimar Republic
Political party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, Mensheviks
Movement
Socialism, Marxism
Julius Martov or L. Martov (Ма́ртов; born Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum;[1] 24 November 1873 – 4 April 1923) was a Russian politician, revolutionary and the leader of the Mensheviks, a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). A close associate of Vladimir Lenin, Martov broke with him following the RSDLP ideological split, after which Lenin led the opposing faction, the Bolsheviks.
Martov was born to a middle-class Jewish family in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. He was raised in Odessa and embraced Marxism following the Russian famine of 1891–1892. He briefly enrolled at Saint Petersburg Imperial University but was later expelled and exiled to Vilna. He devoted the following years working with Jewish workers; his agitation would pave the way for the formation of the General Jewish Labour Bund. Returning to Saint Petersburg in 1895, Martov formed a close friendship with Vladimir Lenin, and the two co-founded the League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class. A year later he was arrested and exiled to the Siberian Arctic for three years. After his exile, Martov rejoined Lenin and moved to Western Europe, where he became an active member of the RSDLP and co-founded the party journal Iskra. At the second RSDLP Congress in 1903, a schism developed between supporters of the two; Martov became the leader of the Menshevik faction against Lenin's Bolsheviks.
After the 1917 February Revolution, Martov returned to Russia but found himself marginalised following the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks came to power. He continued to lead the Mensheviks and denounced many of Soviet government's repressive measures.
In 1920, Martov was given permission to leave Russia; the Mensheviks were outlawed a year later. He settled in Germany and died in 1923. According to Lenin's sister, Lenin had attempted to send money to Martov during his final bout of illness in 1922 but Joseph Stalin refused and regarded Martov an "enemy of the workers' cause".[2][3]
JuliusMartov or L. Martov (Ма́ртов; born Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum; 24 November 1873 – 4 April 1923) was a Russian politician, revolutionary and the...
faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The Mensheviks were led by JuliusMartov and Pavel Axelrod. The initial point of disagreement was the Mensheviks'...
the Mensheviks (from menshinstvo—Russian for "minority"), headed by JuliusMartov. Confusingly, the Mensheviks were actually the larger faction, but the...
brother Georgi Plekhanov Vera Zasulich Pavel Axelrod (Pinchas Borutsch) JuliusMartov (Ilija Cederbaum) Aleksandr Potresov Later: Leon Trotsky (Lev Davidovich...
Russian Empire. It was founded in St. Petersburg by Vladimir Lenin, JuliusMartov, Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, Anatoly Vaneyev, Alexander Malchenko, P. Zaporozhets...
Plekhanov, and Zasulich joined with the younger revolutionary Marxists JuliusMartov, Vladimir Lenin, and Alexander Potresov to form the editorial board...
the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against JuliusMartov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he initially...
formed from the 1903 split with the Bolsheviks; the Mensheviks followed JuliusMartov. With the formal severing of ties in 1912, the Mensheviks used the name...
JuliusMartov and his supporters (the Mensheviks); Lenin emphasised a strongly centralised party controlled largely by the leadership, whereas Martov...
the Russian Civil War according to historian Richard Pipes. Menshevik JuliusMartov wrote about the Red Terror: The beast has licked hot human blood. The...
Democratic Labour Party's paper Iskra. Trotsky initially sided with JuliusMartov's Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks during the party's 1903 split...
London for their Second Congress in 1903. Dan aligned himself with JuliusMartov who wanted to have a larger party of activists, rather than Vladimir...
(RSDLP) in 1899. During the RSDLP ideological split, she sided with JuliusMartov's Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks. Exiled from Russia in 1908,...
dispute between Lenin and JuliusMartov over the major points of the Party Programme. At the 22nd session, Lenin and Martov disagreed on the wording of...
by 237 votes to 156, with various international speakers including JuliusMartov, Jean Longuet and Grigory Zinoviev. The USPD split up in the process...
Vladimir Lenin and JuliusMartov, the two main leaders, confronted each other in an ideological split over party tactics (Martov argued for a large party...
revolutionary movement of Russia. Her brother was the Menshevik leader JuliusMartov, her husband was fellow Menshevik Fyodor Dan. Dan was born to a middle-class...
of the daily paper, Russkaya Gazeta, and cofounded with Trotsky and JuliusMartov the daily Nachalo (The Start). Arrested in April 1906, he was visited...
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party included many Jews such as JuliusMartov and Leon Trotsky in its leadership, as did the Social Revolutionary...
Friedrich Adler of the SPÖ; other prominent members were Otto Bauer and JuliusMartov. The group was heavily influenced by Austromarxism. It published Nachrichten...
that Russia had the right to defend herself against Germany, although JuliusMartov (a prominent Menshevik), now on the left of his group, demanded an end...
by JuliusMartov. Up until 1912, both groups continued to stay united under the name "RSDLP," but significant differences between Lenin and Martov thought...
Poland and Lithuania. It was criticised however by individuals like JuliusMartov and Vladimir Lenin for "Economism"; a claim rejected by Bundist leaders...
leaders of the radical wing of the new generation of Russian Marxists, JuliusMartov, Vladimir Lenin, and Alexander Potresov, joined Zasulich, Plekhanov...
Alexander Guchkov Mikhail Rodzianko Alexander Kerensky Viktor Chernov JuliusMartov Nikolay Chkheidze Alexander Shliapnikov Nikolay Tolmachyov Strength...
as a destination for political exile. Among people exiled there were JuliusMartov, Yakov Sverdlov, Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev, Alexander Ulanovsky, Marina...
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