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Jules Violle
Born
16 November 1841
Langres, France
Died
12 September 1923 (1923-09-13) (aged 81)
Fixin, France
Nationality
French
Known for
Solar constant Violle(measurement of directional light later devalued to define the international standard the candela)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics Luminous intensity
Institutions
École Normale Supérieure, University of Grenoble, University of Lyon
Doctoral students
Pierre Weiss
Sketch of Violle's actinometer concept
Jules Louis Gabriel Violle (16 November 1841 – 12 September 1923) was a French physicist and inventor.[1]
He is notable for having determined the solar constant at Mont Blanc in 1875, and, in 1881, for proposing a standard for luminous intensity, called the Violle, equal to the light emitted by 1 cm² of platinum at its melting point. It was the first unit of light intensity that did not depend on the properties of a particular lamp. This was much larger than traditional measures such as candlepower, so the standard SI unit candela was originally defined in 1946 as 1/60 Violle.
During his career, Violle taught at several colleges including the University of Lyon and the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers in Paris. He was one of the founders of the Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée and the École supérieure d'optique. He improved and invented a number of devices for measuring radiation, and determined the freezing and melting points of palladium.
Violle is believed by some to be the secret identity of Fulcanelli, a contemporary French alchemist whose true identity is still debated.[citation needed]
^"Prof. J. Violle". Nature. 112 (2815): 551. 13 October 1923. Bibcode:1923Natur.112R.551.. doi:10.1038/112551b0. ISSN 0028-0836. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
Jules Louis Gabriel Violle (16 November 1841 – 12 September 1923) was a French physicist and inventor. He is notable for having determined the solar constant...
Hefnerkerze, a unit based on the output of a Hefner lamp. In 1881, JulesViolle proposed the Violle as a unit of luminous intensity, and it was notable as the...
lamp. A better standard for luminous intensity was needed. In 1884, JulesViolle had proposed a standard based on the light emitted by 1 cm2 of platinum...
obtained a value of 1.228 kW/m2, close to the current estimate. In 1875, JulesViolle resumed the work of Pouillet and offered a somewhat larger estimate of...
Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian poet, author, and politician (d. 1908) 1841 – JulesViolle, French physicist and academic (d. 1923) 1847 – Edmund James Flynn, Canadian...
Jean-Julien Champagne, and Jules Boucher). Patrick Rivière, a student of Canseliet's, believed that Fulcanelli's true identity was JulesViolle, a famous French...
1919 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian author and playwright (b. 1871) 1923 – JulesViolle, French physicist and academic (b. 1841) 1927 – Sarah Frances Whiting...
Faculty of Science of the University of Paris. His supervisors were JulesViolle and Marcel Brillouin, and the thesis jury was comprised by Charles Friedel...
Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey (1804–1892), photographer and draughtsman JulesViolle (1841–1923), physicist and inventor Guy Fréquelin (born 1945), rally...
Normale Supérieure, where he attended the lectures of physics professors JulesViolle and Marcel Brillouin, and the Faculty of Paris, where he studied physics...
1900 at the École Normale Supérieure, where he studied the physics of JulesViolle, Marcel Brillouin, and Henri Abraham, and at the Faculty of Sciences...
daughter of Claude, Duke of Guise Françoise Guillard (1563-1567) Marie III Violle (1567-1573) Louise I de Bourbon-Montpensier (1573-1586), daughter of Louis...
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