The judge royal,[1][2] also justiciar,[3]chief justice[4] or Lord Chief Justice[5] (German: Oberster Landesrichter,[6] Hungarian: országbíró,[6][7] Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae),[6][7] was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.
There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
^Engel 2001, p. 92.
^Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517), p. 450.
The judgeroyal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or...
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issued by Judgeroyal Stephen VIII Báthory". National Archives of Hungary. 1487. DL 81971. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana. "Royal charter issued...
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Sigismund of Hungary since the 1380s, Master of the doorkeepers (1403–1409), Judgeroyal (1395–1412), also ispán of Sáros (1403–1405), Szepes (1404), Borsod (1404–1405)...
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the same time. According to a non-authentic charter, he also served as Judgeroyal (Latin: curialis comes maior) in 1158. The charter also refers to a certain...
successor's men. Along with the palatine, the judgeroyal and the ban, the voivode was one of the Kingdom's highest judges. In this capacity, he was authorized...
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leader and one of the most influential men of classical antiquity Julius (judgeroyal) (fl. before 1135), noble in the Kingdom of Hungary Julius, Count of...
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Béla's Judgeroyal, Lawrence arrived at the head of a new army and forced Stephen to retreat to Feketehalom (now Codlea, Romania). The Judgeroyal lay siege...
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