New Zealand psychologist and sexologist (1921–2006)
For the aeronaut, see John Money (aeronaut).
John Money
Money in 1996
Born
John William Money
(1921-07-08)8 July 1921
Morrinsville, New Zealand
Died
7 July 2006(2006-07-07) (aged 84)
Towson, Maryland, U.S.
Alma mater
Victoria University of Wellington Harvard University
Awards
James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award (1992)
Scientific career
Fields
Psychology
Institutions
Johns Hopkins University
John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006)[1] was a New Zealand American psychologist, sexologist and professor at Johns Hopkins University known for his research on human sexual behavior and gender. Believing that gender identity was malleable within the first two years of life, Money advocated for the surgical "normalization" of the genitalia of intersex infants.[2]
Money advanced the use of more accurate terminology in sex research, coining the terms gender role and sexual orientation.[3][4] Despite widespread popular belief, Money did not coin gender identity.[5] Money pioneered drug treatment for sex offenders to extinguish their sex drives.[6]
Since the 1990s, Money's work and research has been subject to significant academic and public scrutiny.[7] A 1997 academic study criticized Money's work in many respects, particularly in regard to the involuntary sex-reassignment of the child David Reimer.[8][9] Money allegedly coerced David and his brother Brian to perform sexual rehearsal with each other, which Money then photographed. David Reimer lived a troubled life, ending with his suicide at 38; his brother died of an overdose at age 36.[10]
Money believed that transgender people had an idée fixe, and established the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in 1965. He screened adult patients for two years prior to granting them a medical transition, and believed sex roles should be de-stereotyped, so that masculine women would be less likely to desire transition.[11] Money is generally viewed as a negative figure by the transgender community.[12]
Money's writing has been translated into many languages and includes around 2,000 articles, books, chapters and reviews. He received around 65 honors, awards and degrees in his lifetime.[3]
^Carey, Benedict (11 July 2006). "John William Money, 84, Sexual Identity Researcher, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abEhrhardt, Anke A. (August 2007). "John Money, PhD". The Journal of Sex Research. 44 (3): 223–224. doi:10.1080/00224490701580741. JSTOR 20620298. PMID 3050136. S2CID 147344556.
^Tosh, Jemma (25 July 2014). Perverse Psychology: The pathologization of sexual violence and transgenderism. Routledge. ISBN 9781317635444.
^Byrne, Alex (5 June 2023). "The Origin of "Gender Identity""(PDF). Archives of Sexual Behavior. 52 (7): 2709–2711. doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02628-0. PMID 37277576. S2CID 259090258 – via Springer Nature.
^Downing, Lisa; Morland, Iain; Sullivan, Nikki (2014). Fuckology. University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226186757.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-226-18661-0.
^Germon, Jennifer (2009), Germon, Jennifer (ed.), "Money and the Production of Gender", Gender: A Genealogy of an Idea, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 23–62, doi:10.1057/9780230101814_2, ISBN 978-0-230-10181-4, retrieved 14 June 2023
^Diamond, M; Sigmundson, HK (1997). "Sex reassignment at birth. Long-term review and clinical implications". Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 151 (3): 298–304. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170400084015. PMID 9080940.
^Martin, Patricia (2002). "Moving toward an international standard in informed consent: The impact of intersexuality and the Internet on the standard of care". Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy. 9: 135–169. PMID 14986668.
^Colapinto, John (2001b). As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. New York: Harper Perennial (published 2006). pp. 86–88. ISBN 978-0-06-092959-6.
John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006) was a New Zealand American psychologist, sexologist and professor at Johns Hopkins University known for...
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular...
severely injured during a botched circumcision in infancy. The psychologist JohnMoney oversaw the case and reported the reassignment as successful and as evidence...
Stoller in 1964 and popularized by the controversial[why?] psychologist JohnMoney. In most societies, there is a basic division between gender attributes...
Money laundering is the process of illegally concealing the origin of money, obtained from illicit activities such as drug trafficking, corruption, embezzlement...
doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1984.38.2.164. PMID 6234812. Money 1986, p. 70. Money, John (1985). The Destroying Angel: Sex, Fitness and Food in the Legacy...
concept originated by sexologist JohnMoney in his discussions of how people develop their sexual preferences. Money defined it as "a developmental representation...
classification of predatory paraphilias. The term somnophilia was coined by JohnMoney in 1986. He characterized the condition as a type of sexual fetishism...
casts, or wheelchairs. The term abasiophilia was first used by JohnMoney of the Johns Hopkins University in a paper on paraphilias, in 1990. Abasiophilia...
Fiat money is a type of currency that is not backed by a precious metal, such as gold or silver. It is typically designated by the issuing government...
acrotomophilia. The sexual interest in being an amputee is apotemnophilia. JohnMoney (1977) used the terms autoapotemnophilia and alloapotemnophilia to describe...
distress on another person. The term was coined by Ratnin Dewaraja and JohnMoney in 1986 from the Latin formica (ant) + the Greek philia (love). In the...
Hush money is a term for an arrangement in which one person or party offers another an attractive sum of money or other enticement, in exchange for remaining...
In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time. There are several...
fantasies or simulations of such situations. The term was introduced by JohnMoney who also defined erotophonophilia as the "reciprocal condition" in which...
Money Heist (Spanish: La casa de papel, [la ˈkasa ðe paˈpel], lit. 'The House of Paper') is a Spanish heist crime drama television series created by Álex...
The history of money is the development over time of systems for the exchange, storage, and measurement of wealth. Money is a means of fulfilling these...
two of its major permanent exhibits, the Ralph Hotere Gallery and the JohnMoney Collection. The gallery also hosts regular shows in two separate wings...
Helen Shaver as Janelle John Turturro as Julian Bill Cobbs as Orvis Forest Whitaker as Amos Keith McCready as Grady The Color of Money was released by Touchstone...
In It for the Money is the second studio album by English alternative rock band Supergrass, released in 1997. NME called it "more fun than watching a...
Money may refer to: Arthur Wigram Money (1866–1951), British Army major general Ernest Money (1866–1952), British Indian Army brigadier general John Money...
Money creation, or money issuance, is the process by which the money supply of a country, or an economic or monetary region, is increased. In most modern...
identification of the moneyer. In 17th century North America, John Hull acted as a moneyer for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.[citation needed] Money portal Roman...
Blood and Money (formerly titled Allagash) is a 2020 American thriller film directed by John Barr and starring Tom Berenger. It is Barr's feature directorial...
them and the brothers. Patterson blames John and Charlie for delaying the money train. Charlie asks John for money to buy a Christmas present, but instead...
recently established John A. Burns School of Medicine. Milton Diamond had a long running feud with the psychologist Dr. JohnMoney. In 1965 Diamond published...
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