Global InformationJharokha Darshan information
Jharokha Darshan (Persian: جهروکه درشن) (Hindi: झरोखा दर्शन) was a daily practice of addressing the public audience (darshan) at the balcony (jharokha) at the forts and palaces of medieval kings in India. It was an essential and direct way of communicating face-to-face with the public, and was a practice which was adopted by the Mughal emperors.[1] The balcony appearance in the name of Jharokha Darshan also spelled jharokha-i darshan was adopted by the 16th-century Mughal Emperor Akbar,[2][3][4] even though it was contrary to Islamic injunctions.[5] Earlier, Akbar's father Emperor Humayun had also adopted this Hindu practice of appearing before his subjects at the jharokha to hear their public grievances.[2]
Darshan is a Sanskrit word which means "sight" and "beholding" (also means: "the viewing of an idol or a saint"[6]) which was adopted by Mughals for their daily appearance before their subjects. This also showed a Hindu influence,[7][8] It was first practiced by Humayun before Akbar adopted it as a practice at sunrise.[9][2] Jharokha is an easterly facing "ornate bay-window", canopied, throne-balcony, the "balcony for viewing" (an oriel window projecting out of the wall[10]) provided in every palace or fort where the kings or emperors resided during their reign. Its architecture served not only the basic need for lighting and ventilation but also attained a divine concept during the reign of Mughals. The jharokha appearances by the Mughals have been depicted by many paintings.[8]
Giving Jharokha Darshan from this jharokha was a daily feature. This tradition was also continued by rulers who followed Akbar (r. 1556–1605 CE). Jahangir (r. 1605–27 CE) and Shah Jahan (r. 1628–58 CE) also appeared before their subjects punctiliously. However, this ancient practice was discontinued by Aurangzeb during his 11th year of reign as he considered it a non-Islamic practice, a form of idol worship.[9] In Agra Fort and Red Fort, the jharokha faces the Yamuna and the emperor would stand alone on the jharokha to greet his subjects.[11]
Mughal emperors during their visits outside their capital used to give Jharokha Darshan from their portable wooden house known as Do-Ashiayana Manzil.
During the Delhi Durbar held in Delhi on 12 December 1911, King George V and his consort, Queen Mary, made a grand appearance at the jharokha of the Red Fort to give a "darshan" to 500,000 common people.[12]
- ^ Reddi 2001, p. 81.
- ^ a b c Wade 1998, p. 12.
- ^ Together with History. p. 97. ISBN 8181370740.
- ^ "Frames with a rich history". The Tribune. 21 March 2015.
- ^ & Goswami, p. 72.
- ^ Hansen 1986, p. 102.
- ^ Gopal 1994, p. 35.
- ^ a b Kaur, Manpreet (February 2015). "Romancing The Jharokha: From Being A Source Of Ventilation And Light To The Divine Conception" (PDF). International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research.
- ^ a b Eraly 2007, p. 44.
- ^ Liddle 2011, p. 289.
- ^ Fanshawe 1998, p. 33.
- ^ "Delhi, what a capital idea!". Hindustan Times. 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.