This article is about a means of public transportation in the Philippines. For the Filipino cable television network, see Jeepney TV.
"Baby bus" redirects here. For the aircraft with the same nickname, see Airbus A318.
A jeepney in Legazpi
Jeepneys (Tagalog:[ˈdʒipnɪ]), sometimes called jeeps (Tagalog:[ˈdʒip]), are public utility vehicles, serving as the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines.[1] They are known for their crowded seating and kitsch decorations, which have become a widespread symbol of Philippine culture and art.[2] A Sarao jeepney was exhibited at the Philippine pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair as a national image for the Filipinos.[3][4]
Jeepneys originate from the American colonial period share taxis known as auto calesas, commonly shortened to "AC". These evolved to modified imported cars with attached carriages in the 1930s which served as a cheap passenger utility vehicles in Manila. These vehicles were mostly destroyed in World War II. The need for replacement transport vehicles led to the use of U.S. military jeeps left over from the war, which became the template for the modern jeepney.[5] The word "jeepney" is a portmanteau of post-World War II "jeep" and pre-war "jitney", both words common slang in the popular vernacular of the era.[6][7][3][8]
An estimated 600,000 drivers nationwide depend on driving jeepneys for their livelihood.[9] In Metro Manila, an estimated 9 million commuters take the jeepney each day.[10]
^Lema, Karen (November 20, 2007). "Manila's jeepney pioneer fears the end of the road". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
^Stuart, Godofredo U. "The Philippine Jeepney: The Undisputed King of the Road". StuartXChange. The Philippines. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
^ ab"Lifestyle Sarao Jeepney". The Philippines: The City of Las Piñas. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
^Mercado, Leonardo N. (1994). "Chapter X: Microcosms, THE JEEPNEY AS MICROCOSM". In George F. McLean (ed.). The Filipino Mind. Cultural Heritage & Contemporary Change. Vol. Philosophical Studies II. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. ISBN 978-1-56518-063-5. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
^Otsuka, Keijiro; Kikuchi, Masao; Hayami, Yujiro (January 1986). "Community and Market in Contract Choice: The Jeepney in the Philippines". Economic Development and Cultural Change. 34 (2): 279–298. doi:10.1086/451528. JSTOR 1153851. S2CID 155062784.
^Rimmer, Peter J. (2013). Rikisha to Rapid Transit: Urban Public Transport Systems and Policy in Southeast Asia. Elsevier. p. 172. ISBN 9781483150529.
^Gold, David L. (2009). Studies in Etymology and Etiology: With Emphasis on Germanic, Jewish, Romance and Slavic Languages. Universidad de Alicante. p. 177. ISBN 9788479085179.
^"History of the Philippine Jeepney". April 12, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
^Alegado, Siegfrid; Calonzo, Andreo (December 21, 2020). "Manila's Iconic Jeepneys Are One More Casualty of the Pandemic". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
^"Inquirer.net explains why jeepney drivers, operators defy modernization plan". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
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