"Jaspis" redirects here. For the genus of sea sponges, see Ancorinidae.
This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see Jasper (disambiguation).
Jasper
Jasper outcrop, Bucegi Mountains, Romania
General
Category
Mineral
Formula (repeating unit)
SiO2 (with varying impurities)
Crystal system
Hexagonal
Crystal class
Quartz (Chalcedony)
Identification
Colour
Most commonly red, but may be yellow, brown, green or (rarely) blue
Cleavage
Indiscernible
Mohs scale hardness
6.5–7
Luster
Vitreous
Diaphaneity
Opaque
Specific gravity
2.5–2.9
Refractive index
1.54–2.65
Birefringence
0.009
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases,[1][2] is an opaque,[3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron(III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, seals, and snuff boxes. The density of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9 g/cm3.[4] Jaspillite is a banded-iron-formation rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper.
^"Chalcedony". Gemstones. USGS.gov. Commodity minerals. U.S. Geological Survey.
^Kostov, R.I. (2010). Review on the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks(PDF). Archaeometry Workshop. Vol. 7. pp. 209–213.
^"Jasper". Mindat.org.
^Dietrich, R.V. (23 May 2005). "Jasper". cst.cmich.edu. GemRocks. Central Michigan University. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2006.
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