This article is about the Japanese political party that existed from 1945 to 1996. For other uses, see Japan Socialist Party (disambiguation).
Japan Socialist Party
日本社会党 Nippon shakai-tō or Nihon shakai-tō
Leader
Tetsu Katayama (first)
Tomiichi Murayama (last)
Founded
2 November 1945; 78 years ago (1945-11-02)
Dissolved
19 January 1996; 28 years ago (1996-01-19)
Succeeded by
Social Democratic Party
Headquarters
Social & Cultural Center 1-8-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
Newspaper
Shakai Shimpō[1]
Ideology
Socialism
Progressivism
Pacificism
Factions:
Democratic socialism[A]
Revolutionary socialism[B]
Political position
Left-wing[2][3] Factions: Centre-left[A] to far-left[B]
International affiliation
Socialist International[4]
Colors
Blue
Party flag
Politics of Japan
Political parties
Elections
^A: Right Socialist Party of Japan ^B: Left Socialist Party of Japan
The Japan Socialist Party (日本社会党, Nihon Shakai-tō, abbr. JSP) was a socialist and progressive[3] political party in Japan that existed from 1945 to 1996. The party was founded as the Social Democratic Party of Japan by members of several proletarian parties that existed before World War II, including the Social Mass Party, the Labour-Farmer Party, and the Japan Labour-Farmer Party. The party represented the Japanese left after the war, and was a major opponent of the right-wing Liberal Democratic Party.[3]
The JSP was briefly in power from 1947 to 1948. From 1951 to 1955, the JSP was divided into the Left Socialist Party and the Right Socialist Party. In 1955, Japan's two major conservative parties merged to form the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), establishing the so-called 1955 System, which allowed the party to near-continuously hold power since. The JSP was the largest opposition party but was incapable of forming government. Nonetheless, the JSP managed to hold about one third of the seats in the National Diet during this period, preventing the LDP from revising the Constitution of Japan.[5][6][7]
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the JSP under the leadership of Takako Doi earned a record-high number of seats. However, the establishment and electoral success of new conservative parties in the mid-1990s took the JSP by surprise and its share of seats in the National Diet decreased significantly. The party was formally dissolved in 1996. Its successor is the Social Democratic Party, a minor party holding two parliamentary seats, one each in the Houses of Representatives and Councillors as of 2022.[8]
Two Japanese prime ministers, Tetsu Katayama and Tomiichi Murayama, were members of the JSP.
^社会新報とは § ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典の解説 [What is Shakai Shimpō? § The Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^"Social Democratic Party of Japan | political party, Japan". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^ abcAkito Okada, ed. (2022). Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy. Springer Nature. p. 14. ISBN 9789811920769. Generally speaking, the LDP is a conservative party spanning the right-wing, while the JSP was a left-wing, progressive party.
^Docherty, James C.; Lamb, Peter (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (2nd ed.). The Scarecrow Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-8108-5560-1. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典の解説 [The Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^Taguchi, Fukuji. 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)の解説 [The Nihon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
^Ken Saito (2019). 圖說日本大事記：1945–2017，改變與形塑現代日本的百大事件. 麥浩斯. p. 50. ISBN 978-986-408-463-0.
^"国会議員情報". 社民党 SDP Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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