James Henry Giffen (March 22, 1941 – October 29, 2022) was an American businessman and an authority on American-Soviet trade.[1] He was the founder and chairman of Mercator Corporation.[2] Giffen was the prime suspect accused in the $80 million Kazakhgate bribery scandal, which was at one time the largest U.S. investigations ever into an overseas bribery case; but which went nowhere.[3][4]
^Deutsch, Claudia H. (Jul. 31, 1988). "Taking a Team Approach to Soviet Trade." New York Times. Archived from the original.
^Cite error: The named reference LeVine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Macalister, Terry (May 7, 2003). "Swiss Join Oil Bribery Inquiry." The Guardian.
^Cassin, Richard L. (Nov. 22, 2010). "No Punishment for 'Hero' Giffen." The FCPA Blog.
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