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Jainism (/ˈdʒeɪnɪzəm/JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the 9th century BCE, and the twenty-fourth tirthankara Mahavira, around 600 BCE. Jainism is considered an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every time cycle of the cosmology. The three main pillars of Jainism are ahiṃsā (non-violence), anekāntavāda (non-absolutism), and aparigraha (asceticism).
Jain monks take five main vows: ahiṃsā (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness). These principles have affected Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly lacto-vegetarian lifestyle. Parasparopagraho jīvānām (the function of souls is to help one another) is the faith's motto, and the Namokar Mantra is its most common and strongest prayer.
Jainism is one of the oldest religions still practiced today. It has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras, which hold different views on ascetic practices, gender, and the texts considered canonical. Both sub-traditions have mendicants supported by laypersons (śrāvakas and śrāvikas). The Śvētāmbara tradition in turn has three sub-traditions: Mandirvāsī, Deravasi, and Sthānakavasī.[1] The religion has between four and five million followers, known as Jains or Jainas, who reside mostly in India, where they numbered around 4.5 million at the 2011 census. Outside India, some of the largest Jain communities can be found in Canada, Europe, and the United States. Japan is also home to a fast-growing community of converts.[2] Major festivals include Paryushana and Das Lakshana, Ashtanika, Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, Akshaya Tritiya, and Dipawali.
^Long 2009, pp. 20–22.
^Archana, K. C. (23 February 2020). "Jainism Gains Traction In Japan, Thousands Travel To India To Transition From Zen To Jain". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
Jainism (/ˈdʒeɪnɪzəm/ JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession...
a Pratyekabuddha in both Jainism and Buddhism, is a rare personality that is shared between Jainism and Buddhism. The Jain text Isibhasiyam mentions...
throughout the world. Jain doctrine teaches that Jainism has always existed and will always exist. Like most ancient Indian religions, Jainism has its roots from...
preacher) of Jainism. He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha. Mahavira was born in the early 6th century BCE to a royal Jain family...
hallmark of Jain identity. A side effect of this strict discipline is the exercise of asceticism, which is strongly encouraged in Jainism for lay people...
tradition of Jainism suffered persecution during the Muslim rule, with the exception of Akbar whose religious tolerance and support for Jainism led to a temporary...
Jain symbols are symbols based on the Jain philosophy. The four arms of the swastika symbolize the four states of existence as per Jainism: a Heavenly...
rituals, fasts and other religious components of Jainism are different from those of Hinduism. "Jain" is derived from the word Jina, referring to a human...
jnana), infinite power and infinite perception are regarded as God in Jainism. Jainism rejects the idea of a creator deity responsible for the manifestation...
is considered the authoritative Jain philosophy text by all traditions of Jainism. It has the same importance in Jainism as Vedanta Sūtras and Yogasūtras...
tirthankara (Supreme preacher) of Jainism. He was the first of twenty-four teachers in the present half-cycle of time in Jain cosmology, and called a "ford...
Jainism in Bundelkhand Jainism in Madhya Pradesh Jainism in Gujarat (Gujarati Jain) Jainism in Maharashtra (Marathi Jain) Jainism in Mumbai Jainism in...
according to Jainism. Jain cosmology considers the universe as an uncreated entity that has existed since infinity with neither beginning nor end. Jain texts...
of Jainism Lord Mahavira Sayings The Significance of Mahavira Janma Kalyanak Diwali (Jainism) Jain rituals Jain festivals Kshamavani God in Jainism Parshvanatha...
In Jainism, ahiṃsā (Ahimsā, alternatively spelled 'ahinsā', Sanskrit: अहिंसा IAST: ahinsā, Pāli: avihinsā) is a fundamental principle forming the cornerstone...
Pravin Shah, Five Great Vows (Maha-vratas) of Jainism Archived 31 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Jainism Literature Center, Harvard University Archives...
Historical Dictionary of Jainism. Scarecrow Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-8108-5051-4. Pravin K Shah, Five Great Vows (Maha-vratas) of Jainism Archived 31 December...
peculiarity of Jainism is to essentially associate several renunciatory liberating practices with the imperative of non-violence (ahiṃsā). Jainism and its philosophical...
Jainism has had a notable following in Gujarat. According to the 2011 Census of India, around 0.959% of the population of Gujarat is Jain. There are several...
Men's View on Jainism". Jainism Literature Center. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021. Champat Rai Jain 1930, p. 78...
The flag of Jainism has five colours: white, red, yellow, green and blue. These five colours represent the Pañca-Parameṣṭhi (five supreme beings). It...
nirvana at Tungi Giri in Maharashtra, where the Jains worship his footprints. The story of Rama in Jainism can be broadly classified into three groups; Samghadasa's...
(1980). Jainism in South India, in Compendium of Jainism. Harvard University Archives. OCLC 8964694. Sangave 2001, p. 21. Paul Dundas (2003). Jainism and...
Jain (/ˈdʒeɪn/) is the title and name given to an adherent of Jainism. The term has its origin in the Sanskrit term jina ("conqueror" or "victor"). This...
state is home to a number of Jain monuments, such as temples, Gommata statues and stambhas. Historical association of Jainism with Karnataka dates back to...
According to the Jain literature, the first Tirthankara of Jainism, Rishabhanatha himself was King Ikshvaku. Further, 21 Tirthankaras of Jainism were born in...
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