Ithobaal III (Latin Ithobalus, Hebrew Ethbaal) was recorded by Josephus as the king on the list of kings of Tyre reigning 591/0–573/2 BCE at the time of the first fall of Jerusalem, and therefore the subject of Ezekiel's cherub in Eden.[1] During his time, Josephus also wrote that Nebuchadnezzar II besieged Tyre for 13 years (Siege of Tyre (586–573 BC)), which probably covered 585 to 573 BC.[2] The precise year it began is difficult to pinpoint with scholars divided as to whether it started in 598, the seventh year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign, or 585, which was Ithobaal III's seventh year as king.[3] There are even those who proposed an earlier date - around 603-590 - citing that the Babylonians would have attacked it first before launching a campaign against Egypt.[3] The city, according to the oracles of Ezekiel, was not captured.[2] Ithobaal himself survived the siege with the prophet acknowledging that "King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre... yet neither he nor his army got anything".[4]
^Nebuchadrezzar and Babylon p27 Donald John Wiseman - 1991 188 Though the precise dates for the reign of Ethbaal III of Tyre are disputed, these are currently taken to be 591/0–573/2 BC Since Josephus says that 'in the seventh year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, he began to besiege ...
^ abBarton, John (2004). The Biblical World. Oxon: Taylor & Francis. p. 503. ISBN 0415350905.
^ abElayi, Josette (2018). The History of Phoenicia. Atlanta, GA: Lockwood Press. p. 199. ISBN 9781937040819.
^Litwa, M. David (2016). Desiring Divinity: Self-deification in Early Jewish and Christian Mythmaking. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780190467166.
IthobaalIII (Latin Ithobalus, Hebrew Ethbaal) was recorded by Josephus as the king on the list of kings of Tyre reigning 591/0–573/2 BCE at the time of...
Ithobaal I is the name of a 9th-century BCE king of Tyre mentioned in the story of Jezebel from the Hebrew Bible, and in a citation by Josephus of a list...
Menander's Tyrian king list also described the period from IthobaalIII through Hiram III. Tyre regained independence with Assyria's demise, although...
pay tribute to Nebuchadnezzar, and he was closely followed in this by IthobaalIII, the king of Tyre. In 587 BC, Ammon, Edom and Moab likewise rebelled...
Ithobaal II (also Itto-Baal, Ethobaal or Ethbaal, from Tuba'il) was an eighth-century BC Phoenician king of Tyre. Nothing is known of his reign except...
King (900–889 BC) Astarymus, King (888–880 BC) Phelles, King (879 BC) Ithobaal I, King (878–847 BC) Baal-Eser II, King (846–841 BC) Mattan I, King (840–832...
period 739 BC – 730 BC. 739 BC—Hiram II succeeds Ithobaal II as king of Tyre. 738 BC—King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria invades Israel, forcing it to pay...
reason to favor the 825 date, related to the inscription of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria, mentioned below, where it was mentioned that philological...
Phelles 897–896 BC Ithobaal I 896–863 BC Baal-Eser II (Balbazer II) 863–829 BC Mattan I 829–820 BC Pygmalion 820–774 BC Ithobaal II 750–739 BC Hiram...
about 500 BC. Probably, his predecessor on the throne of Tyre was King Ithobaal IV, but whether they were related is unknown. No details about the reign...
871–852 BC. As Omri's successor, Ahab married Jezebel, the daughter of Ithobaal I of Tyre. Under Jezebel's influence, he abandoned Yahweh and established...
r. 783-773 BC Ashur-dan III, king of Assyria, r. 773-755 BC Shoshenq V, king of Egypt (22nd Dynasty), r. 767-730 BC Ithobaal II, king of Tyre, r. 760-739...
northern neighbors, detente prevailed." During the rule of the priest Ithobaal (887–856 BC), Tyre expanded its territory as far north as Beirut (incorporating...
Byzantine Empire, Cape Lithoprosopon. Batroun is said to have been founded by Ithobaal I (Ethbaal), king of Tyre, whose daughter Jezabel (897–866 B.C.) married...
especially to resemble a founding date of a Tyrian settlement from the reign of Ithobaal I between 875 and 850,[further explanation needed] although the Méndez...
King of Israel, is documented in the Bible. During the rule of the priest Ithobaal (887–856 BC), Tyre expanded its territory as far north as Beirut and into...
Pygmalion, King (831–785 BC), Dido founded Carthage during his reign. Ithobaal II, King (750–739 BC) Hiram II, King (739–730 BC) Mattan II, King (730–729...
Ezekiel 28:12–15 uses a description of a cherub in Eden as a polemic against Ithobaal II, the king of Tyre. The Church Father Origen of Alexandria (c. 184 –...
Byzantine Empire, Cape Lithoprosopon. Batroun is said to have been founded by Ithobaal I (Ethbaal), king of Tyre (whose daughter Jezabel married Ahab). The city...
the land of Israel (1 Kings 11:1, 33). Jezebel was the daughter of King Ithobaal I of Sidon (1 Kings 16:31). It was famous for its manufactures and arts...
Wenamun. 1100s BC. 1000s BC Ahiram c.1000 BC Zakar Baal (II?) c.980 BC Ithobaal? Pilsibaal? c.940 BC Yehimilk c.930 BC Abibaal c.920 BC Elibaal c.900 BC...
in the Book of Kings (1 Kings 16:31) as a queen who was the daughter of Ithobaal I of Sidon and the wife of Ahab, King of Israel. According to the Books...
allegedly built a new temple for ʿAštārt and Melqart, and the later king Ithobaal II held the title of "priest of ʿAštārt" before he ascended to the throne...
listed as a tributary of the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III. His predecessor, Ithobaal II, was also stated to have paid tribute in that year. It is...
Byzantine Empire, Cape Lithoprosopon. Batroun is said to have been founded by Ithobaal I (Ethbaal), king of Tyre, whose daughter Jezabel married Ahab. The city...
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