Not to be confused with Nowruz, the New Year in the solar Hijri calendar.
Islamic New Year
Official name
Arabic: رأس السنة الهجرية Raʿs as-Sanah al-Hijrīyah
Also called
Hijri New Year
Observed by
Muslims
Type
Islamic
Begins
Last day of Dhu al-Hijjah
Ends
1 Muharram
Date
1 Muharram
2023 date
18 – 19 July 2023
2024 date
7 – 8 July 2024 (estimated)
Today
Thursday
May 9
2024
1 Dhu al-Qi'dah
1445 AH
Using tabular calculations
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The Islamic New Year (Arabic: رأس السنة الهجرية, Raʿs as-Sanah al-Hijrīyah), also called the Hijri New Year, is the day that marks the beginning of a new lunar Hijri year, and is the day on which the year count is incremented. The first day of the Islamic year is observed by most Muslims on the first day of the month of Muharram. The epoch (reference date) of the Islamic era was set as the year of the emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijrah, which equates to 622 CE in the Gregorian calendar.[1] All religious duties, such as prayer, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and pilgrimage, and the dates of significant events, such as celebration of holy nights and festivals, are calculated according to the Islamic calendar.
While some Islamic organizations prefer determining the new month (and hence the new year) by local sightings of the moon,[2] most Islamic institutions and countries, including Saudi Arabia,[3] follow astronomical calculations to determine future dates of the Islamic calendar. There are various schemas for calculating the tabular Islamic calendar (i.e. not based on observation), which results in differences of typically one or even two days between countries using such schema and those that use actual lunar sightings. For example, the Umm al-Qura calendar used in Saudi Arabia was reformed several times in recent years. The current scheme was introduced in 1423 AH (15 March 2002).[4]
A day in the Islamic calendar is defined as beginning at sunset. For example, 1 Muharram 1432 was defined to correspond to 7 or 8 December 2010 in civil calendars (depending on the country). For an observation-based calendar, a sighting of the new moon at sunset of 6 December would mean that 1 Muharram lasted from the moment of sunset of 6 December to the moment of sunset of 7 December, while in places where the new moon was not sighted on 6 December 1 Muharram would last from the moment of sunset of 7 December to the moment of sunset of 8 December.[5]
^Lunde, Paul. "The Beginning of Hijri calendar". Saudi Aramco World Magazine. No. November/December 2005. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
^"Islamic Crescents' Observation Project". Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
^"Saudi Dating System". Islamic Crescents' Observation Project. Archived from the original on 30 October 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
^van Gent, Robert Harry. "The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011.
^"Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1432 AH". Islamic Crescents' Observation Project. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.; seen on 6 December in Algeria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Africa.
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