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The religious beliefs of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, have been a source of controversy; some sources assert that he was irreligious.[1][2]
Irreligion in Turkey refers to the extent of the lack, rejection of, or indifference towards religion in the Republic of Turkey. Based on surveys, Islam is the predominant religion[3] and irreligious people form a minority in Turkey. Precise estimates of the share of Deists, atheists, agnostics, and other unaffiliated people in the population vary, though in the survey averages they make up more percentages than Christians and Jews in the country.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
One study in Turkey reported that 95% believe in God while 74% identify as "religious".[10][11] Another study conducted by the French company Ipsos which interviewed 17,180 adults across 22 countries, stated that atheists accounted for 7% of those who were interviewed from Turkey, while agnostics accounted for 3%.[12]
^...Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the secular Turkish Republic. He said: "I have no religion, and at times I wish all religions at the bottom of the sea..." The Antipodean Philosopher: Interviews on Philosophy in Australia and New Zealand, Graham Oppy, Lexington Books, 2011, ISBN 0739167936, p. 146.
^Phil Zuckerman, John R. Shook, The Oxford Handbook of Secularism, Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN 0199988455, p. 167.
^ abGirit, Selin (10 May 2018). "Losing their religion: The young Turks rejecting Islam". BBC News. London. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^McKernan, Bethan (29 April 2020). "Turkish students increasingly resisting religion, study suggests". The Guardian. London. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^Sarfati, Yusuf (15 April 2019). "State Monopolization of Religion and Declining Piety in Turkey". Berkley Forum. Washington, D.C.: Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs (Georgetown University). Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^Bekdil, Burak (20 May 2021). "Turks May Be Rediscovering the Merits of the Secular Paradigm". BESA Center Perspectives. Tel Aviv: Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (Bar-Ilan University). Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^Akyol, Mustafa (12 June 2020). "How Islamists are Ruining Islam". Current Trends in Islamist Ideology. Washington, D.C.: Hudson Institute. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^Bilici, Mucahit (Fall 2018). "The Crisis of Religiosity in Turkish Islamism". Middle East Report. No. 288. Tacoma, Washington: MERIP. pp. 43–45. ISSN 0899-2851. JSTOR 45198325. OCLC 615545050. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^Külsoy, Ahmet (6 May 2018). "What is pushing half of Turkey towards Deism?". Ahval News. Cyprus. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^"Religious Trends". Archived from the original on 5 September 2017.
^"Research:65 percent of Turkey believes in god, 54 percent is 'religious'(In Turkish)". Diken.com.tr. 6 May 2017.
^"Fazil Say and Turkey's war on atheism". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
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