Global InformationIrogane information
Irogane (色金 "coloured metals")[1][2][3] is the term for a set of Japanese metals – forms of copper (with natural impurities), and copper alloys – treated in niiro patination processes,[4][5] traditionally used in sword-making, catches for sliding doors, and luxury highlights on larger objects, and in modern times, in jewellery. The alloys contain two to five metals. Some scholars believe that methods similar to those involved in irogane production may also have been used in ancient Egypt and the Roman world, as well as China (wu tan) and Tibet (dzne-ksim).[6]: p. 125 [7]
- ^ Vienna, Bohlau Verlag, 2009: Griesser-Stermscheg & Krist, eds., Metallkonservierung, Metallrestaurierung: Geschichte, Methode, Praxis
- ^ Sammelband anlässlich der Fachtagung "Metallrestaurierung – Metallkonservierung" der Universität für Angewandte Kunst (Wien 2007): Miklin-Kniefacz, Silvia "Shakudo und Shibuichi" – "Farbige Metalle in Japan"
- ^ "Tsuba – Art of the Japanese Sword – Glossary". Archived from the original on 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
- ^ London, UK, 1988: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Studies in Conservation – The Conservation of Far Eastern Art (Kyoto Congress 1988 Preprints), Mills et al., eds., p. 133-136: Murakami et al, "Characterization of the black surface layer on a copper alloy coloured by traditional Japanese surface treatment" – "Irogane is the general term for the alloys coloured ..."
- ^ Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, 1983: Hachiro Oguchi, "Japanese Shakudo", p. 125: "They were successful ... in colouring the surfaces of copper and copper alloys by chemical treatment"
- ^ Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, 1983: Hachiro Oguchi, "Japanese Shakudo"
- ^ Merano, Italy, 2016: Giumlia-Mair, "Technology Transfer from Ancient Egypt to the Far East?", p. 1, "The materials discussed ... are artificially patinated copper-based alloys containing small amounts of precious metals such as gold and silver ... treated in aqueous solutions, so as to achieve various surface colors. ... some artificially patinated alloys in different colors ... similar to other modern Japanese alloys ... were identified on Western objects dating to Roman times" – also referencing Craddock (1982), etc.