In computer science, an inverted index (also referred to as a postings list, postings file, or inverted file) is a database index storing a mapping from content, such as words or numbers, to its locations in a table, or in a document or a set of documents (named in contrast to a forward index, which maps from documents to content).[1] The purpose of an inverted index is to allow fast full-text searches, at a cost of increased processing when a document is added to the database.[2] The inverted file may be the database file itself, rather than its index. It is the most popular data structure used in document retrieval systems,[3] used on a large scale for example in search engines. Additionally, several significant general-purpose mainframe-based database management systems have used inverted list architectures, including ADABAS, DATACOM/DB, and Model 204.
There are two main variants of inverted indexes: A record-level inverted index (or inverted file index or just inverted file) contains a list of references to documents for each word. A word-level inverted index (or full inverted index or inverted list) additionally contains the positions of each word within a document.[4] The latter form offers more functionality (like phrase searches), but needs more processing power and space to be created.
^Knuth, D. E. (1997) [1973]. "6.5. Retrieval on Secondary Keys". The Art of Computer Programming (Third ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-89685-0.
^Salton, Gerard; Fox, Edward A.; Wu, Harry (November 1983). "Extended Boolean information retrieval". Communications of the ACM. 26 (11): 1022–1036. doi:10.1145/182.358466. hdl:1813/6351.
^Zobel, Justin; Moffat, Alistair; Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri (December 1998). "Inverted files versus signature files for text indexing". ACM Transactions on Database Systems. 23 (4). New York: Association for Computing Machinery: 453–490. doi:10.1145/296854.277632. S2CID 7293918.
^Baeza-Yates, Ricardo; Ribeiro-Neto, Berthier (1999). Modern information retrieval. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Longman. p. 192. ISBN 0-201-39829-X.
inverted index (or inverted file index or just inverted file) contains a list of references to documents for each word. A word-level invertedindex (or full...
circumvents the invertedindex update bottleneck. The forward index is sorted to transform it to an invertedindex. The forward index is essentially a...
CREATE INDEX syntax with some specific options that depend on their software's capabilities. Index locking Invertedindex – Type of database index Search...
frequently and are not useful for search. With the remaining words, an invertedindex is created, associating each word with the columns they were found in...
support SQL, combining the strengths of both models. In an inverted file or invertedindex, the contents of the data are used as keys in a lookup table...
terms as bag of words that are to be matched with the postings in the invertedindex and where subsequently ranking models are applied to retrieve the most...
An invertedindex file contains two parts: a vocabulary containing all the terms used in the collection, and for each distinct term an invertedindex that...
Google indexes documents by building a data structure known as invertedindex. Such an index obtains a list of documents by a query word. The index is very...
inferior to inverted files in terms of speed, size and functionality, it is not used widely. However, with proper parameters it can beat the inverted files...
can reuse 14538's space.[citation needed] Invertedindex Reverse dictionary "Introduction To Reverse Key Indexes: Part I". Richard Foote's Oracle Blog. 2008-01-14...
have programmed extensively. The other is a system that generates an "invertedindex" by analyzing texts it locates. This first form relies much more heavily...
opposed to the invertedindex, which can support only word-based searches. In addition, invertedindexes do not have the self-indexing feature. An important...
concepts it points to in the invertedindex." The output of the invertedindex for a single word query is a list of indexed documents (Wikipedia articles)...
source in 2016. BitFunnel uses bit-sliced signatures instead of an invertedindex in an attempt to reduce operations cost. Progress on the implementation...
viruses In document retrieval the signature file method competes with the invertedindex method to produce query results. A signature block, or sig file is a...
combines the two related structures. Physical data models include: Invertedindex Flat file Other models include: Multidimensional model Array model Multivalue...
such as inverted files and document retrieval. See full text search. Substring indexes include: Suffix tree Suffix array N-gram index, an inverted file for...
structure (similar to DOM for XML, but persistent), as well as a full-text invertedindex of the text, elements, and attributes. Customers typically distributed...
information retrieval, who proposed the vector space model and the invertedindex. 1962 Sammet, Jean E. Developed the FORMAC programming language. She...
Pinot supports pluggable indexing technologies - Sorted Index, Bitmap Index, InvertedIndex, Star-Tree Index, and Range Index, which are what primarily...
conjunctions in a training set to produce an approximate expansion; invertedindexing of support vectors. One problem with the polynomial kernel is that...
Part of a series on Sociology History Outline Index Key themes Society Globalization Human behavior Human environmental impact Identity Industrial revolutions...
in American English), housing starts, consumer price index (a measure for inflation), Inverted yield curve, consumer leverage ratio, industrial production...
regular B-tree and hash table indexes, and four index access methods: generalized search trees (GiST), generalized invertedindexes (GIN), Space-Partitioned...
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