Statistics as of 22 December 2022 (unless noted otherwise) References:[4][5][9][10][11]
Configuration
Station elements as of December 2022[update] (exploded view)
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). The ISS is the largest space station ever built. Its primary purpose is to perform microgravity and space environment experiments.[12]
Operationally, the station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) assembled by Roscosmos, and the US Orbital Segment, assembled by NASA, JAXA, ESA and CSA. A striking feature of the ISS is the Integrated Truss Structure, which connects the large solar panels and radiators to the pressurized modules. The pressurized modules are specialized for research, habitation, storage, spacecraft control, and airlock functions. Visiting spacecraft dock at the station via its eight docking and berthing ports. The ISS maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi)[13] and circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.[14]
The ISS programme combines two prior plans to construct crewed Earth-orbiting stations: Space Station Freedom planned by the United States, and the Mir-2 station, planned by the Soviet Union. The first ISS module was launched in 1998. Major modules have been launched by Proton and Soyuz rockets and by the Space Shuttle launch system. The first long-term residents, Expedition 1, arrived on November 2, 2000. Since then, the station has been continuously occupied for 23 years and 229 days, the longest continuous human presence in space. As of March 2024[update], 279 individuals from 22 countries have visited the space station.[15] The ISS is expected to have additional modules (the Axiom Orbital Segment, for example) before being de-orbited by a dedicated NASA spacecraft in January 2031.
^ abcdCite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Russia's Soyuz MS-24 launches crew for up to yearlong stay on space station". collectSPACE.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
^"ISS: International Space Station". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
^ abcdGarcia, Mark (5 January 2023). "About the Space Station: Facts and Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
^ abcdePeat, Chris (21 May 2021). "ISS – Orbit". Heavens-Above. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
^"Live Space Station Tracking Map". NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
^Holman, Joseph (12 October 2022). "ISS (ZARYA)". Satellite Tracking. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
^ ab"ARISS TLE". ARISS TLE. 16 August 2023. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference OnOrbit was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"STS-132 Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. 7 May 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
^"STS-133 FD 04 Execute Package" (PDF). NASA. 27 February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
^NASA (23 May 2023). "ISS". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
^"NASA – Higher Altitude Improves Station's Fuel Economy". nasa.gov. 14 February 2019. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
^"Current ISS Tracking data". NASA. 15 December 2008. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2009. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"International Space Station Visitors by Country – NASA". Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
and 29 Related for: International Space Station information
The InternationalSpaceStation (ISS) is a large spacestation assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and...
The InternationalSpaceStation programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved...
The process of assembling the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya, the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton...
expeditions to the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS). An expedition to the ISS refers to the crew that is occupying the spacestation and using it for research...
the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS), with its first occupation in 2000. Currently there are two fully operational spacestations – the International Space...
This is a chronological list of commanders of the InternationalSpaceStation. A pre-decided inhabitant of the ISS assumes command upon departure of the...
the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS), with its first occupation in 2000. Currently there are two fully operational spacestations – the International Space...
The InternationalSpaceStation is a platform for scientific research that requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit (for...
into the InternationalSpaceStation program. SpaceStation Freedom was a multinational collaborative project involving four participating space agencies:...
spacecraft; to send a spacecraft to the InternationalSpaceStation; and to send astronauts to the InternationalSpaceStation. It is also the first organization...
The politics of the InternationalSpaceStation have been affected by superpower rivalries, international treaties, and funding arrangements. The Cold...
The project to create the InternationalSpaceStation required the utilization and/or construction of new and existing manufacturing facilities around...
Uncrewed spaceflights to the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS) are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to...
On the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS), extravehicular activities are major events in the building and maintaining of the orbital laboratory, and are...
landing missions, the Skylab spacestation, and the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA supports the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS) along with the Commercial...
This is a chronological list of spaceflights to the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS), including long-term ISS crew, short term visitors, replacement/rescue...
SpaceStation 3D (simply known as SpaceStation in 2D format) is a 2002 Canadian-American 3D short documentary film about the InternationalSpace Station...
feature spacestations. Science fiction films are the most popular genre to have featured both real-life spacestations such as the InternationalSpace Station...
of all of the visitors to the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS), including long-term crew, short-term visitors, and space tourists, in alphabetical order...
The InternationalSpaceStation has a large number of cameras, lenses, and other photography equipment on board. Kodak 760C (e.g. Kodak DCS 760) Nikon...
utensils in the microgravity environment.[citation needed] The InternationalSpaceStation is fitted with rehydration chambers and food warmers to prepare...
the InternationalSpaceStation, located in the Zvezda, Nauka and Tranquility modules. They use a fan-driven suction system similar to the Space Shuttle...
private spaceflight to the InternationalSpaceStation. The company aims to own and operate the world's first commercial spacestation in the late 2020s. The...
Indian Orbital SpaceStation, officially called, Bharatiya Antariksha Station (lit. 'Indian SpaceStation'), is a planned modular spacestation to be constructed...
airlock. In December 1998, it delivered the Unity Module to the InternationalSpaceStation. Endeavour's last Orbiter Major Modification period began in...
partially reusable spacecraft designed to transport crew to the InternationalSpaceStation (ISS) and other low-Earth-orbit destinations. It is manufactured...
Global Information
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
