A hernia—the hole in the light-colored wall of tissue—can trap loops of the bowel or other tissue.
Internal hernias occur when there is protrusion of an internal organ into a retroperitoneal fossa or a foramen (congenital or acquired) in the abdominal cavity. If a loop of bowel passes through the mesenteric defect, that loop is at risk for incarceration, strangulation, or for becoming the lead point of a small bowel obstruction.[1] Internal hernias can also trap adipose tissue (fat) and nerves. Unlike more common forms of hernias, the trapped tissue protrudes inward, rather than outward.[2]
Mesenteric defects commonly occur in trauma, such as gunshot wounds to the abdomen. In trauma victims, the defect is usually closed, sometimes with resection of the associated bowel, which may have lost its blood supply.[1] Also mesenteric defects are intentionally created in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure, being classically known as a Petersen's hernia.[3] The mesenteric defect in such cases, called Petersen's defect, is located between the transverse colon and the mesentery of the alimentary limb (the segment of the jejunum from the jejunojejunostomy until the connection with the proximal segment of the stomach) at the level of the jejunojejunostomy.[4]
Internal hernias are difficult to identify in women, and misdiagnosis with endometriosis or idiopathic chronic pelvic pain is very common. One cause of misdiagnosis that when the woman lies down flat on an examination table, all of the medical signs of the hernia disappear. The hernia can typically only be detected when symptoms are present, so diagnosis requires positioning the woman's body in a way that provokes symptoms.
Both internal hernias and umbilical hernias are more common in women than men.[2]
^ abCite error: The named reference Bittner was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Brody was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Petersen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cho, M; Pinto, D; Carrodeguas, L; Lascano, C; Soto, F; Whipple, O; Simpfendorfer, C; Gonzalvo, JP; Zundel, N (2006). "Frequency and management of internal hernias after laparoscopic antecolic antegastric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without division of the small bowel mesentery or closure of mesenteric defects: Review of 1400 consecutive cases". Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2 (2): 87–91. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2005.11.004. PMID 16925328.
Internalhernias occur when there is protrusion of an internal organ into a retroperitoneal fossa or a foramen (congenital or acquired) in the abdominal...
A hernia (pl.: hernias or herniae, from Latin, meaning 'rupture') is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the...
A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment...
An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or...
Hernia repair is a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia—a bulging of internal organs or tissues through the wall that contains it. It can...
An umbilical hernia is a health condition where the abdominal wall behind the navel is damaged. It may cause the navel to bulge outwards—the bulge consisting...
the femoral canal. Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both males and...
A Spigelian is the type of ventral hernia where aponeurotic fascia pushes through a hole in the junction of the linea semilunaris and the arcuate line...
Perineal hernia is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor). The hernia may contain fluid, fat, any part of the intestine, the rectum, or the bladder...
hemorrhage slightly. A hernia is an abnormal opening, either within the abdomen or through the abdominal wall muscles. An internalhernia may result from surgery...
(2022). "Chapter 326: Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (21st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-1264268504. Kumar...
hernia: groin and ventral (abdominal) wall. Groin hernia includes femoral, obturator, and inguinal. Inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia...
An incisional hernia is a type of hernia caused by an incompletely-healed surgical wound. Since median incisions in the abdomen are frequent for abdominal...
debated. In 1912 Moschcowitz proposed that rectal prolapse was a sliding hernia through a pelvic fascial defect. This theory was based on the observation...
and hoarseness. Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, certain medications, and certain foods. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms...
of the stomach is enhanced in that position. Medicine portal Abdominal internal oblique muscle Ulcerative colitis Kong F, Singh RP (June 2008). "Disintegration...
esophagus may arise. Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, and taking certain medications. Medications that may cause or worsen the...
which food travels through the gut. Right-sided diverticula are micro-hernias of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through the colonic muscular layer...
An obturator hernia is a rare type of hernia, encompassing 0.07-1% of all hernias, of the pelvic floor in which pelvic or abdominal contents protrudes...
treatment of the associated underlying disorder, such as GORD or hiatus hernia, may provide relief. Sandifer syndrome is not typically life-threatening...
be hard on the GI tract. Vomiting – Acid can irritate esophagus. Hernias – A hernia can poke through the diaphragm muscle and can inhibit the stomach...
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