Further information: Stream § Non-perennial streams
Seasonal river at Kidepo Valley National Park in northeastern Uganda
Intermittent, temporary or seasonal rivers or streams cease to flow every year or at least twice every five years.[1] Such rivers drain large arid and semi-arid areas, covering approximately a third of the Earth's surface.[2] The extent of temporary rivers is increasing, as many formerly perennial rivers are becoming temporary because of increasing water demand, particularly for irrigation.[3] Despite inconsistent water flow, intermittent rivers are considered land-forming agents in arid regions, as they are agents of significant deposition and erosion during flood events.[4] The combination of dry crusted soils and the highly erosive energy of the rain cause sediment resuspension and transport to the coastal areas.[5] They are among the aquatic habitats most altered by human activities.[6] During the summer even under no flow conditions the point sources are still active such as the wastewater effluents,[7] resulting in nutrients and organic pollutants accumulating in the sediment. Sediment operates as a pollution inventory and pollutants are moved to the next basin with the first flush.[8] Their vulnerability is intensified by the conflict between water use demand and aquatic ecosystem conservation.[9] Advanced modelling tools have been developed to better describe intermittent flow dynamic changes such as the tempQsim model.[5]
^(Tzoraki et al., 2007)
^(Thornes, 1977)
^(De Girolamo, Calabrese et al. 2012)
^Tooth, Stephen (2000). "Process, form and change in dryland rivers: a review of recent research". Earth-Science Reviews. 51 (1–4): 67–107. Bibcode:2000ESRv...51...67T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00014-3.
^ ab(Tzoraki et al., 2009)
^(Moyle 2013)
^(Perrin and Tournoud 2009; Chahinian, Bancon-Montigny et al. 2013)
^(Bernal, von Schiller et al. 2013)
^(Webb, Nichols et al. 2012)
and 23 Related for: Intermittent river information
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running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil Intermittentriver – River that periodically ceases to flow Oasis – Fertile area in a desert...
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