"Intellectual Property" redirects here. For the film, see Intellectual Property (film). For the Waterparks album, see Intellectual Property (album).
Intellectual property
Authors' rights
Copyleft
Copyright
Database right
Farmers' rights
Geographical indication
Indigenous intellectual property
Industrial design right
Integrated circuit layout design protection
Moral rights
Patent
Peasants' rights
Plant breeders' rights
Plant genetic resources
Related rights
Supplementary protection certificate
Trade dress
Trade secret
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Related topics
Abandonware
Artificial intelligence and copyright
Brand protection
Copyright abolition
Copyright troll
Criticism of copyright
Bioprospecting
Biopiracy
Idea–expression distinction
Limitations and exceptions to copyright
Fair dealing
Fair use
Paraphrasing
Right to quote
Orphan work
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Pirate Party
Public domain
Outline of intellectual property
Outline of patents
Higher categories: Property and Property law
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Intellectual property laws such as trademark laws forbid the sale of infringing goods like these "McDnoald's" [sic] and "NKIE" [sic] sandals from China.
Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect.[1][2] There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others.[3][4][5] The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems.[6]
Supporters of intellectual property laws often describe their main purpose as encouraging the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods.[7] To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to certain information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. Supporters argue that because IP laws allow people to protect their original ideas and prevent unauthorized copying, creators derive greater individual economic benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and thus have more economic incentives to create them in the first place.[7] Advocates of IP believe that these economic incentives and legal protections stimulate innovation and contribute to technological progress of certain kinds.[8]
The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is "indivisible", since an unlimited number of people can in theory "consume" an intellectual good without its being depleted.[9] Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.[10]
^World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2016). Understanding Industrial Property. World Intellectual Property Organization. doi:10.34667/tind.36288. ISBN 9789280525939. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
^"Intellectual, industrial and commercial property | Fact Sheets on the European Union". European Parliament. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
^"What are intellectual property rights?". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
^World Intellectual Property Organization (2021). What is Intellectual Property?. WIPO publication. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). doi:10.34667/tind.43765. ISBN 9789280532210. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
^"Understanding Industrial Property" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Retrieved 7 December 2018.
^"property as a common descriptor of the field probably traces to the foundation of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) by the United Nations." in Mark A. Lemley, Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Texas Law Review, 2005, Vol. 83:1031, page 1033, footnote 4.
^ abGoldstein & Reese (2008), p. 17.
^"The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-09-01.
^Moberly, Michael D. (2014). Safeguarding Intangible Assets. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 33–35. ISBN 978-0-12-800516-3.
^Goldstein & Reese (2008), pp. 18–19.
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property (State-owned or publicly owned and available possessions) and intellectualproperty (exclusive rights over artistic creations, inventions, etc.). However...
Soft intellectualproperty (also sometimes, and confusingly (see below), abbreviated to "soft IP") is sometimes used to refer to trademarks, copyright...
IntellectualProperty Institute may refer to: IntellectualProperty Institute (United Kingdom) IntellectualProperty Institute, at the University of Richmond...
The Companies and IntellectualProperty Commission (CIPC) is an agency of the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition in South Africa. The CIPC...
Intellectualproperty of Ethiopia is managed by the Ethiopian IntellectualProperty Office (EIFO), who oversees IntellectualProperty Right (IPR) issues...
The Korean IntellectualProperty Office (KIPO) is the patent office and intellectualproperty office of South Korea. In 2000, the name of the office was...
Libertarians have differing opinions on the validity of intellectualproperty. The Libertarian Party of Canada takes "a moderate approach to patents and...
The European Union IntellectualProperty Office (EUIPO; French: Office de l'Union européenne pour la propriété intellectuelle), founded in 1994, is the...
The protection of intellectualproperty (IP) of video games through copyright, patents, and trademarks, shares similar issues with the copyrightability...
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