The Parliament of Canada has exclusive jurisdiction to regulate matters relating to bankruptcy and insolvency, by virtue of Section 91(2) of the Constitution Act, 1867. It has passed the following statutes as a result:
The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act ("BIA") [1]
The Companies' Creditors Arrangements Act ("CCAA") [2]
The Farm Debt Mediation Act[3]
The Wage Earner Protection Program Act[4]
The Winding-Up and Restructuring Act (which essentially applies only to financial institutions under federal jurisdiction) [5]
In applying these statutes, provincial law has important consequences. Section 67(1)(b) of the BIA provides that "any property that as against the bankrupt is exempt from execution or seizure under any laws applicable in the province within which the property is situated and within which the bankrupt resides".
Provincial legislation under the property and civil rights power of the Constitution Act, 1867 regulates the resolution of financial difficulties that occur before the onset of insolvency. Notable legislation is in effect for governing:
creation of security interests (with notable caveats)[6][7]
absconding debtors[8]
bulk sales (in Ontario only)[9]
fraudulent conveyances[10]
relief of creditors[11]
seizure of assets[12]
assignments and preferences[13]
^"Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-3)". Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^"Companies' Creditors Arrangements Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-36)". Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^"Farm Debt Mediation Act (S.C. 1997, c. 21)". Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^"Wage Earner Protection Program Act (S.C. 2005, c. 47, s.1))". Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^"Winding-up and Restructuring Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. W-11)". Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^John R. Sandrelli, Christopher J. Ramsay and Anjili I. Bahadoorsingh (2002-09-18). "Remedies under Security Interests in Canada: An Overview" (PDF). Fraser Milner Casgrain. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
^"Federal Security Interests: Contract #99-08-2" (PDF). Fraser Milner Casgrain under contract to the Law Commission of Canada. June 2000. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
^"Absconding Debtors Act (Ontario), R.S.O. 1990, c. A.2". 24 July 2014.
^"Bulk Sales Act (Ontario), R.S.O. 1990, c. B.14". 24 July 2014.
^"Fraudulent Conveyances Act (Ontario), R.S.O. 1990, c. F.29". 24 July 2014.
^"Creditors' Relief Act, 2010 (Ontario), S.O. 2010, c. 16, Sch. 4". 24 July 2014.
^"Execution Act (Ontario), R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24". 24 July 2014.
^"Assignments and Preferences Act (Ontario), R.S.O. 1990, c. A.33". Retrieved 2011-09-13.
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