Animal that lives commensally in the dwelling place of another species
Wyeomyia smithii larva is an inquiline species in the pitcher leaves of Sarracenia purpurea (magnification 40X).
In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin inquilinus, "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms, such as insects, may live in the homes of gophers or the garages of humans and feed on debris, fungi, roots, etc. The most widely distributed types of inquiline are those found in association with the nests of social insects, especially ants and termites – a single colony may support dozens of different inquiline species. The distinctions between parasites, social parasites, and inquilines are subtle, and many species may fulfill the criteria for more than one of these, as inquilines do exhibit many of the same characteristics as parasites. However, parasites are specifically not inquilines, because by definition they have a deleterious effect on the host species,[1] while inquilines have not been confirmed to do so.
In the specific case of termites, the term "inquiline" is restricted to termite species that inhabit other termite species' nests [2][3][4] whereas other arthropods cohabiting termitaria are called "termitophiles".[5][6] It is important to reiterate that inquilinism in termites (Blattodea, formerly Isoptera) contrasts with the inquilinism observed in other eusocial insects such as ants and bees (Hymenoptera), even though the term "inquiline" has been adopted in both cases. A major distinction is that, while in the former the species mostly resemble forms of commensalism, the latter includes species currently confirmed as social parasites, thus, being closely related to parasitism.
Inquilines are known especially among the gall wasps (Cynipidae family). In the sub-family Synerginae, this mode of life predominates. These insects are similar in structure to the true gall-inducing wasp but do not produce galls, instead, they deposit their eggs within those of other species. They infest certain species of galls, such as those of the blackberry and some oak galls, in large numbers, and sometimes more than one kind occur in a single gall. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of these inquilines is their frequent close resemblance to the insect that produces the gall they infest.[7][8]
The term inquiline has also been applied to aquatic invertebrates that spend all or part of their life cycles in phytotelmata, water-filled structures produced by plants.[9] For example, Wyeomyia smithii, Metriocnemus knabi, and Habrotrocha rosa are three invertebrates that make up part of the microecosystem within the pitchers of Sarracenia purpurea.[10] Some species of pitcher plants like the Nepenthes and Cephalotus produce acidic, toxic or digestive fluids and host a limited diversity of inquilines. Other pitcher plant species like the Sarracenia or Heliamphora host diverse organisms and depend to a large extent on their symbionts for prey utilization.[11]
^Nash, D. R. & Boomsma, J. J. 2008. Communication between hosts and social parasites. In: Sociobiology of Communication: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Eds. P. D’Ettorre & D. P. Hughes), pp. 1-55, e80. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^Florencio, Daniela Faria; Marins, Alessandra; Rosa, Cassiano Sousa; Cristaldo, Paulo Fellipe; Araújo, Ana Paula Albano; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro; DeSouza, Og (2013-06-21). "Diet Segregation between Cohabiting Builder and Inquiline Termite Species". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): e66535. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866535F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066535. PMC 3689842. PMID 23805229.
^Cunha, H.F.D., Andrade Costa, D., Espirito Santo Filho, K.D., Silva, L.O., Brandão, D. (2003). Relationship between Constrictotermes cyphergaster and inquiline termites in the Cerrado (Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology, 42(3), 761-770.
^Hugo, H., Cristaldo, P. F., & DeSouza, O. (2019). Peaceful behaviour: a strategy employed by an obligate nest invader to avoid conflict with its host species. bioRxiv, 587592. https://doi.org/10.1101/587592
^Rosa, C. S.,Cristaldo, P. F., Florencio, D. F., Marins, A., Lima, E. R. & DeSouza, O. (2018) On the chemical disguise of a physogastric termitophilous rove beetle. Sociobiology, 65, 38-47.
^Oliveira, M. H., Da Silva Vieira, R. V., Moreira, I. E., Pires-Silva, C. M., De Lima, H. V. G., De Lima Andrade, M. R., & Bezerra-Gusmão, M. A. (2018). “The road to reproduction”: foraging trails of Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) as maternities for Staphylinidae beetles. Sociobiology, 65(3), 531-533.
^Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Inquiline" . Encyclopedia Americana.
^Discover Life: Family Cynipidae: Subfamily Synerginae visited 1 January 2011
^Cronk, J. K.; Fennessy, M. Siobhan (2001). Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology. p. 145.
^Cochran-Stafira, D. L. and von Ende, C. N. (1998). Integrating bacteria into food webs: studies with Sarracenia purpurea inquilines. Ecology, 79(3): 880–898.
^Adlassnig, W., Peroutka, M., & Lendl, T. (2011). Traps of carnivorous pitcher plants as a habitat: composition of the fluid, biodiversity and mutualistic activities. Annals Of Botany, 107(2), 181–194.
In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin inquilinus, "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an...
identification. Inquiline Diptacus sacramentae are mites found on the underside of leaves and also live commensally in the gall as an inquiline. D. sacramentae...
characteristic plant galls they induce themselves, but many species are instead inquilines of other gall wasps, such as those of the genus Synergus. The plant galls...
consuming the food stores of the ants, or avoiding predators. These inquilines may bear a close resemblance to ants. The nature of this ant mimicry (myrmecomorphy)...
One species of Inquiline is known to live in the gall alongside the gall-causer, and a second may be a gall-causer or an inquiline, Epitrimerus fagi...
their mimicry and the larvae adopt diverse lifestyles including being inquiline scavengers inside the nests of social insects. Some brachycerans are agricultural...
pubescens). A mite, Cecidophyopsis vermiformis is an inquiline of Acalitus calycophthirus, as well as an inquiline of Aceria tenella on hornbeam and Phytoptus...
the gall wasps, ultimately leading to the hosts' demise. Additionally, inquilines live commensally within the galls without harming the gall wasps. Oak...
Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. G. assectator is a generalist inquiline parasitoid of many other bee and wasp species such as Hylaeus confusus...
tumida) that infests honey bee nests, while many species are parasitic inquilines or commensal in the nests of ants. A few groups of beetles are primary...
(2009). Chemical disguise as particular caste of host ants in the ant inquiline parasite Niphanda fusca (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Proceedings of the...
complex community of insects. The cynipid wasp Periclistus brandtii is an inquiline that lives harmlessly within the bedeguar gall and like Diplolepis rosae...
Aceria fraxinivora, also known as the cauliflower gall mite and the ash key gall, causes the growths, known as galls, found on the hanging seeds or "keys"...
balsamicola are a species of midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. They are an inquiline of Paradiplosis tumifex. Gagné, Raymond. The Plant-Feeding Gall Midges...
Rabdophaga strobilina is a gall midge and inquiline of Rabdophaga rosaria and Rabdophaga terminalis; also gall midges. It was first described by Johann...
Europe, it is common in Great Britain. Lestodiplosis plicatricis is an inquiline; a lodger or tenant of Dasineura plicatrix and live in the gall. "Dasineura...
model live commensally together; in the case of ants, the mimic is an inquiline in the ants' nest. Such mimics may in addition be Batesian or aggressive...
bedeguaris. One inquiline species, Periclistus brandtii also occurs in both galls. Caenacis inflexa is exclusively the parasitoid of this inquiline. Other species...
toxoneura (Loew, 1846) is an inquiline of E. bridgmani and E. proxima. The host larva is killed by the fly and the inquiline feeds on the interior of the...
"Alternative adaptations, sympatric speciation and the evolution of parasitic, inquiline ants". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 43 (3): 157–178. doi:10...
Antarctic waters are dominated by Antarctic icefish). The diminutive inquiline snailfish (Liparis inquilinus) of the northwestern Atlantic is known to...
spend the winter in bark crevices or in buds. Aceria maculifer may be an inquiline of A. nervisequa. Note Erineum (erinea) are a patch of glandular hairs...
Netherlands, and Sweden. Rabdophaga roskami (Stelter, 1989) is probably an inquiline of R. marginemtorquens. Chinery, Michael (2011). Britain's Plant Galls...
rotifers (including Habrotrocha rosa), and bacteria form the base of inquiline food web that shreds and mineralizes available prey, making nutrients...
the purple pitcher plant. It is one of many species that make up the inquiline community that thrives within the water-retaining pitcher-shaped leaves...
species of Inquilinitermes has been commonly referred as an obligatory inquiline and its symbiosis with a host termite has been treated as inquilinism...
Anabremia. This species was first described from Italy in 1965. It is an inquiline of another gall midge - Jaapiella medicaginis - which makes galls on Medicago...
pupates within the gall. Rabdophaga strobilina is closely related and is an inquiline of R. rosaria. One or more larva live under the modified leaves of the...
in animal feces or fungi. The species Austrosciara termitophila is an inquiline in termite nests while the genus Vulagisciara is a guest in ant-plants...
caste and produce only male and female reproductives. They are considered inquilines in the colonies of 'true' bumblebees. Cuckoo bumblebee females emerge...
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