An initial coin offering (ICO) or initial currency offering is a type of funding using cryptocurrencies. It is often a form of crowdfunding, although a private ICO which does not seek public investment is also possible. In an ICO, a quantity of cryptocurrency is sold in the form of "tokens" ("coins") to speculators or investors, in exchange for legal tender or other (generally established and more stable) cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ether. The tokens are promoted as future functional units of currency if or when the ICO's funding goal is met and the project successfully launches.
An ICO can be a source of capital for startup companies. ICOs can allow startups to avoid regulations that prevent them from seeking investment directly from the public, and intermediaries such as venture capitalists, banks, and stock exchanges, which may demand greater scrutiny and some percentage of future profits or joint ownership.[citation needed] ICOs may fall outside existing regulations,[1][2] depending on the nature of the project, or be banned altogether in some jurisdictions, such as China and South Korea.
Due to the lack of regulation and enforcement of securities law, ICOs have been the vehicle for scams and fraud.[3][4][5][6] Fewer than half of all ICOs survive four months after the offering,[7] while almost half of ICOs sold in 2017 failed by February 2018.[8] Despite their record of failure and the falling prices of cryptocurrencies, a record $7 billion was raised via ICO from January–June 2018.[9]
^"Company Halts ICO After SEC Raises Registration Concerns". SEC. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
^"Carey Olsen and JTC advise ARC Fiduciary Ltd on Jersey's first ICO". Carey Olsen. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
^Shifflett, Shane; Jones, Coulter (May 17, 2018). "Buyer Beware: Hundreds of Bitcoin Wannabes Show Hallmarks of Fraud". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
^"ICO – HOWEYCOINS If You Responded To An Investment Offer Like This, You Could Have Been Scammed – HoweyCoins Are Completely Fake!". Investor.gov. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
^Chohan, Usman (2017). "Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs): Risks, Regulation, and Accountability". Regulation of Financial Institutions Journal. Discussion Paper Series: Notes on the 21st Century. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3080098. S2CID 168942381. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
^"ICO Bubble? Startups Are Raising Hundreds of Millions of Dollars Via Initial Coin Offerings". Inc.com. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
^Kharif, Olga (9 July 2018). "Half of ICOs Die Within Four Months After Token Sales Finalized". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
^Hankin, Aaron (February 26, 2018). "Nearly half of all 2017 ICOs have failed". Fortune. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
^Robertson, Benjamin (2 August 2018). "Crypto Bulls Pile Into ICOs at Record Pace Despite Bitcoin Rout". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
and 23 Related for: Initial coin offering information
An initialcoinoffering (ICO) or initial currency offering is a type of funding using cryptocurrencies. It is often a form of crowdfunding, although a...
rendered during the due diligence process and funding phase. IEO's and initialcoinofferings (ICO) share similar characteristics with, however, an IEO can be...
driver's license or a passport to confirm users' identities. An initialcoinoffering (ICO) is a controversial means of raising funds for a new cryptocurrency...
received $612,000 from 10 backers while the Breitmans planned for an initialcoinoffering (ICO). They received a $1.5 million investment from Tim Draper and...
helped rewrite parts of the white paper for Binance's $15 million initialcoinoffering. In January 2018 it was the largest cryptocurrency exchange with...
USD Coin (USDC) is a digital stablecoin pegged to the United States dollar. USD Coin is managed by Circle. USDC is issued by a private entity and should...
March 2018: Facebook, Google, and Twitter ban advertisements for initialcoinofferings (ICO) and token sales. 15 November 2018: Bitcoin's market capitalization...
design and run both Pied Piper and Hooli out of business. 45 7 "InitialCoinOffering" Mike Judge Clay Tarver May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06) 0.853 Having been...
blockchain project, Telegram attracted investments through a private Gram offering, but in light of regulatory complications, the Telegram team withdrew from...
KodakCoin was created by WENN Digital, using the Kodak trademark under license. KodakCoin may be a rebranding of an abandoned initialcoinoffering (ICO)...
top of the Ethereum blockchain and have utilized the platform for initialcoinofferings. On 15 September 2022, Ethereum transitioned its consensus mechanism...
Decentraland Foundation. In 2017, the platform raised $26 million in its initialcoinoffering (ICO); by 2022 indy100 reported that it had a $1.2 billion market...
Centra Tech as they raised more than $32 million in a fraudulent initialcoinoffering. The documentary is being adapted by the film's producers into a...
already pre-existing regulations regarding securities. InitialcoinofferingInitial public offering Alternative currencies Private currency Digital asset...
distributed in exchange for funding in the initial development phase of the DApp, as in an initialcoinoffering. Lastly, the development mechanism distributes...
are digital assets that are stabilized by other assets. Furthermore, such coins, assuming they are managed in good faith and have a mechanism for redeeming...
was part of a consortium called Centre that launched a digital coin called USD Coin, pegged to the U.S. dollar. In January 2019, Coinbase stopped all...
output in the blockchain. Using multiple inputs is similar to using multiple coins in a cash transaction. As in a cash transaction, the sum of inputs can exceed...
halving process is programmed to continue a maximum of 64 times before new coin creation ceases. Each miner can choose which transactions are included in...
at the time. It is considered both the first "meme coin", and more specifically the first "dog coin". Despite its satirical nature, some consider it a...
in stocks and CFDs, alongside commodities and currencies, with an initialoffering of 110 stock products (which later grew to 3000 financial products)...