This article is about Indonesian migrant workers. For the Indonesian diaspora in general, see Overseas Indonesians.
Indonesian Migrant Worker
Pekerja Migran Indonesia Tenaga Kerja Indonesia
Total population
4.5 million (2014)
Regions with significant populations
Malaysia
107,085
Taiwan
68,874
Saudi Arabia
38,104
Hong Kong
30,208
Singapore
25,601
United Arab Emirates
15,276
Languages
Indonesian(national) Indonesian languages, Arabic, English
Religion
Islam(majority), Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Indonesians (Overseas Indonesians)
Indonesian migrant workers (Indonesian: Pekerja Migran Indonesia, PMI, formerly known as Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, TKI) are Indonesian citizens who work in countries outside of Indonesia.
Indonesia's population is the world's fourth-largest, and due to a shortage of domestic jobs, many Indonesians seek employment overseas. These migrant workers are mostly low-skilled and work in the domestic sector. They are prone to exploitation, extortion, physical and sexual abuses and human trafficking.[1] Several cases of abuse have been reploted, some of which been picked up by international media.[2]
It is estimated that around 4.5 million Indonesians work abroad. Roughly 70 percent are women, most of whom are employed in domestic sector (as maid or domestic helpers) or in the manufacturing sector. Migrant Indonesian men mostly work on plantations, in the construction or transportation industries or in the service sector. Most Indonesian migrants are in their prime work years, between 18 and 35 years old. However, cases of underage workers attaining employment with the aid of falsified documents have been reported.[3]
Since 1969, the government of Indonesia has administered the recruitment of migrant labor.[4] The public program has attracted criticism, with opponents claiming it unduly elevates the rights of private recruitment agents over those of the migrant workers they recruit.
^Maksum, Ali; Surwandono (2017). "Suffer to Survive: The Indonesian Illegal Workers Experiences in Malaysia and Japan". Journal of Social Research & Policy. 8 (1): 101–123. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
^Urbina, Ian (2019). "Ship of horrors: life and death on the lawless high seas". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 Sep 2019.
^
"Profil" (in Indonesian). Migrant Care. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
^Palmer, Wayne (2016-08-25). Indonesia's Overseas Labour Migration Programme, 1969-2010. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004325487. ISBN 9789004325487.
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Global Information
Malaysia
Taiwan
Saudi Arabia
Hong Kong
Singapore
United Arab Emirates