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An independent power producer (IPP) or non-utility generator (NUG) is an entity[1] that is not a public utility but owns facilities to generate electric power for sale to utilities and end users.[2] NUGs may be privately held facilities, corporations, cooperatives such as rural solar or wind energy producers, and non-energy industrial concerns capable of feeding excess energy into the system.[3]
An independent water and power producer (IWPP) is similar to an IPP, but with a unified process to also output usable treated water.[4]
^Gas engines for IPPs, www.clarke-energy.com, accessed 11 November 2013
^"Independent Power Producer (IPP) - Americas Generators". Gopower.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^"independent power producer (IPP), non-utility generator (NUG)". Energyvortex.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^"Water and Power: Will Your Next Power Plant Make Both?". 9 January 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
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