1778–79 series of battles during the American Revolutionary War
Illinois campaign
Part of the American Revolutionary War
The Fall of Fort Sackville, Frederick C. Yohn, 1923
Date
July 1778 – February 1779
Location
Illinois Country
Result
American victory
Territorial changes
Creation of Illinois County, Virginia
Belligerents
United States Piankeshaw Kickapoo
Great Britain Shawnee Odawa Lenape
Commanders and leaders
George Rogers Clark Joseph Bowman † Leonard Helm Edward Worthington
Henry Hamilton Rocheblave Egushawa
v
t
e
Western theater
Island Flats
1st Fort Henry
Boonesborough
Illinois
Vincennes
Fort Pitt
Fort Laurens
Chillicothe
St. Louis
Bird's invasion
Piqua
La Balme's Defeat
Fort St. Joseph
Coshocton
Lochry's Defeat
Long Run
Gnadenhütten
Little Mountain
Crawford expedition
Bryan Station
Blue Licks
2nd Fort Henry
Arkansas Post
The Illinois campaign, also known as Clark's Northwestern campaign, was a series of engagements during the American Revolutionary War in which a small force of Virginia militia led by George Rogers Clark seized control of several British posts in the Illinois Country of the Province of Quebec, located in modern-day Illinois and Indiana in the Midwestern United States. The campaign is the best-known action of the western theater of the war and the source of Clark's reputation as an early American military hero.
In July 1778, Clark and his men crossed the Ohio River from Kentucky and took control of Kaskaskia, Vincennes, and several other villages in British territory. The occupation was accomplished without firing a shot because many of the Canadien and Native American inhabitants in the region were unwilling to resist the Patriots. To counter Clark's advance, Henry Hamilton, the British lieutenant governor at Fort Detroit, reoccupied Vincennes with a small force. In February 1779, Clark returned to Vincennes in a surprise winter expedition and retook the town, capturing Hamilton in the process. Virginia capitalized on Clark's success by establishing the region as Illinois County, Virginia.
The importance of the Illinois campaign has been the subject of much debate. Because the British ceded the entire Northwest Territory to the United States in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, some historians have credited Clark with nearly doubling the size of the original Thirteen Colonies by seizing control of the Illinois Country during the war. For this reason, Clark was nicknamed the "Conqueror of the Northwest", and his Illinois campaign—particularly the surprise march to Vincennes—was greatly celebrated and romanticized.
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