Infrared Astronomical Satellite in space simulator at JPL
Mission type
Infrared space observatory
Operator
NASA
NIVR
SERC
COSPAR ID
1983-004A
SATCAT no.
13777
Website
irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/iras.html
Mission duration
Final: 9 months, 26 days
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer
Ball Aerospace
Fokker Space
Hollandse Signaal
Launch mass
1,083 kg (2,388 lb)
Dimensions
3.60 × 3.24 × 2.05 m (11.8 × 10.6 × 6.7 ft)[1]
Start of mission
Launch date
25 January 1983, 21:17 (1983-01-25UTC21:17) UTC[3]
Rocket
Delta 3910
Launch site
Vandenberg SLC-2W
Entered service
9 February 1983[2]
End of mission
Disposal
Decommissioned
Deactivated
21 November 1983 (1983-11-22)[3]
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric
Regime
Sun-synchronous
Semi-major axis
7,270.69 km (4,517.80 mi)
Eccentricity
0.001857
Perigee altitude
879.05 km (546.22 mi)
Apogee altitude
906.05 km (562.99 mi)
Inclination
98.95 deg
Period
102.8 min
Mean motion
14.00 rev/day
Epoch
19 November 2016, 04:15:30 UTC[4]
Main telescope
Type
Ritchey–Chrétien[5]
Diameter
57 cm (22 in)[5]
Focal length
545 cm (215 in), f/9.56[5]
Collecting area
2,019 cm2 (312.9 sq in)[5]
Wavelengths
Long-wavelength to far-infrared
Instruments
SA
Survey Array
LRS
Low Resolution Spectrometer
CPC
Chopped Photometric Channel
The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (Dutch: Infrarood Astronomische Satelliet) (IRAS) was the first space telescope to perform a survey of the entire night sky at infrared wavelengths.[6] Launched on 25 January 1983,[3] its mission lasted ten months.[7] The telescope was a joint project of the United States (NASA), the Netherlands (NIVR), and the United Kingdom (SERC). Over 250,000 infrared sources were observed at 12, 25, 60, and 100 micrometer wavelengths.[7]
Support for the processing and analysis of data from IRAS was contributed from the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of Technology. Currently, the Infrared Science Archive at IPAC holds the IRAS archive.[8][9]
The success of IRAS led to interest in the 1985 Infrared Telescope (IRT) mission on the Space Shuttle, and the planned Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility which eventually transformed into the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, SIRTF, which in turn was developed into the Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in 2003.[10] The success of early infrared space astronomy led to further missions, such as the Infrared Space Observatory (1990s) and the Hubble Space Telescope's NICMOS instrument.
^Beichman 1988, p. II-1.
^Neugebauer, G.; Habing, H. J.; van Duinen, R.; Aumann, H. H.; Baud, B.; et al. (March 1984). "The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) mission" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 278: L1–L6. Bibcode:1984ApJ...278L...1N. doi:10.1086/184209. hdl:1887/6453.
^ abc"Infrared Astronomical Satellite". NASA. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
^"IRAS - Orbit". Heavens-Above. 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
^ abcdBeichman 1988, p. II-8.
^Beichman 1988, p. I-1.
^ abCite error: The named reference springer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Infrared Astronomical Satellite". Infrared Processing and Analysis Center. Caltech. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
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