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The term ‘hybrid institution’ is not yet well-established or clearly defined in academic literature. German and Keller possibly introduced the term in 2009, describing it as "an institutional arrangement governing the interdependencies among discrete property holders and regimes".[1] Abbot and Faude have suggested more recently that most areas in world politics today are governed "neither by individual institutions nor by regime complexes composed of formal interstate institutions. Rather, they are governed by “hybrid institutional complexes” comprising heterogeneous interstate, infra-state, public–private and private transnational institutions, formal and informal."[2] Whether they are anything more than euphemisms for public-private partnerships, which are nothing new, is yet to be firmly established.
^German, Laura; Keeler, Andrew (2009-09-25). ""Hybrid institutions": Applications of common property theory beyond discrete tenure regimes". International Journal of the Commons. 4 (1): 571. doi:10.18352/ijc.108. hdl:10535/988. ISSN 1875-0281. S2CID 154170724.
^Abbott, Kenneth W.; Faude, Benjamin (2022-04-01). "Hybrid institutional complexes in global governance". The Review of International Organizations. 17 (2): 263–291. doi:10.1007/s11558-021-09431-3. ISSN 1559-744X. PMC 8149577. PMID 35722451.
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