For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Bret.
Hurricane Bret
Bret at peak intensity shortly before its landfall in southern Texas on August 22
Meteorological history
Formed
August 18, 1999 (August 18, 1999)
Dissipated
August 25, 1999 (August 25, 1999)
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds
145 mph (230 km/h)
Lowest pressure
944 mbar (hPa); 27.88 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities
7
Damage
$15 million (1999 USD)
Areas affected
South Texas and Mexico
IBTrACS
Part of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Bret was the first of five Category 4 hurricanes that developed during the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season and the first tropical cyclone since Hurricane Jerry in 1989 to make landfall in Texas at hurricane intensity. Forming from a tropical wave on August 18, Bret slowly organized within weak steering currents in the Bay of Campeche. By August 20, the storm began to track northward and underwent rapid intensification on August 21. After this period of strengthening, Bret attained its peak intensity with winds of 145 miles per hour (233 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 944 mbar (hPa; 27.9 inHg). Later that day, the storm weakened to a Category 3 hurricane and made landfall on Padre Island, Texas. Shortly thereafter, the storm weakened further, becoming a tropical depression 24 hours after moving inland. The remnants of the storm eventually dissipated early on August 26 over northern Mexico.
Along the Texas coastline, Bret threatened several cities, prompting 180,000 residents to evacuate. Numerous shelters were opened throughout the region and prisons were evacuated. Several days prior to the storm's arrival, the NHC issued hurricane watches, and later warnings for areas near the Texas–Mexico border. Several major roads leading to barrier island towns were shut down to prevent residents from crossing bridges during the hurricane. In nearby Mexico, roughly 7,000 people left coastal areas in advance of the storm. Officials also set up hundreds of shelters in northern regions of the country in case of major flooding.
Bret made landfall in a sparsely populated region, resulting in relatively little damage in comparison to its intensity. Nevertheless, seven people were killed in relation to the storm, four in Texas and three in Mexico. Most of the deaths were due to car accidents caused by slippery roads. Upon making landfall, the hurricane produced a maximum storm surge of 8.8 ft (2.7 m) at Matagorda Island, Texas. Heavy rains produced by Bret peaked at 13.18 in (335 mm) in Texas and were estimated over 14 in (360 mm) in Mexico. Numerous homes in the affected regions were damaged or destroyed, leaving roughly 150 people homeless. In all, the storm caused $15 million (1999 USD) in damage.
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74 tropical cyclones including Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, Hurricane Patricia in 2015, and Hurricane Dorian in 2019, all of which were amongst the 15 strongest...
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Category 4 hurricanes are tropical cyclones that reach Category 4 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Category 4 hurricanes that later attained Category 5...
Tamaulipas. Hurricane Jerry (1989) – A storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico and made landfall in Texas as a Category 1 hurricane. HurricaneBret (1999)...
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