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Illustration of a low temperature differential (LTD) hot air engine. 1. Power piston, 2. Cold end of cylinder, 3.Displacer piston 4. Hot end of cylinder Q1. Heat in, Q2. Heat out.
A hot air engine[1] (historically called an air engine or caloric engine[2]) is any heat engine that uses the expansion and contraction of air under the influence of a temperature change to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. These engines may be based on a number of thermodynamic cycles encompassing both open cycle devices such as those of Sir George Cayley[3] and John Ericsson[4] and the closed cycle engine of Robert Stirling.[5] Hot air engines are distinct from the better known internal combustion based engine and steam engine.
In a typical implementation, air is repeatedly heated and cooled in a cylinder and the resulting expansion and contraction are used to move a piston and produce useful mechanical work.
^"An Inquiry into the Hot Air Engines of the 19th Century". hotairengines.org.
^Robert Sier (1999). Hot air caloric and stirling engines. Vol.1, A history (1st Edition (Revised) ed.). L.A. Mair. ISBN 0-9526417-0-4.
^"Cayley's life and Air Engines". hotairengines.org.
^"Ericsson's life and Air Engines". hotairengines.org.
^"Stirling's life and Air Engines". hotairengines.org.
A hotairengine (historically called an airengine or caloric engine) is any heat engine that uses the expansion and contraction of air under the influence...
differentiates a Stirling engine from other closed-cycle hotairengines. In the Stirling engine, a working fluid (e.g. air) is heated by energy supplied...
Thermoacoustic engines (sometimes called "TA engines") are thermoacoustic devices which use high-amplitude sound waves to pump heat from one place to...
layout for V engines where there is a single intake manifold in the center of the V (the "cold side"). The hot vee offers a shorter air path from the...
fathers of hotairengines. Few before him ventured to build airengines, Guillaume Amontons being the first one to build a working hotairengine in 1699...
internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber...
In 1833 Ericsson built his third engine, a hotairengine (or caloric engine) that is exhibited in London: "the engine will prove the most important mechanical...
engine is a hotairengine that was first described by A. D. Manson in the March 1952 issue of Newnes Practical Mechanics-Magazines. Manson engines can...
intake air in each cylinder. There are two common types of mass airflow sensors in use on automotive engines. These are the vane meter and the hot wire...
A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this...
combustion engine cooling uses either air or liquid to remove the waste heat from an internal combustion engine. For small or special purpose engines, cooling...
Heinrici. In 1876, Louis Heinrici began to manufacture hotairengines, and other small engines, initially in rented rooms. His first factory building...
single-phase gaseous working fluid (i.e. a "hotairengine"). The internal working fluid was originally air, although in modern versions, other gases such...
systems found in jet engines. Major components of a turbojet including references to turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts: Cold section: Air intake (inlet)...
A hotair balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or...
A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at...
offered several variations, including one that was automated by a small hotairengine. The Red Raven Magic Mirror and its special children's phonograph records...
engine is a heat engine based on a cycle producing power and cooled moist air from the evaporation of water into hot dry air. Mesoscopic heat engines...
A vacuum engine refers to any kind of engine which derives its force from air pressure against one side of the piston, while also having a partial vacuum...
steam engine), or heated inside the cylinder either by ignition of a fuel air mixture (internal combustion engine) or by contact with a hot heat exchanger...
diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in...
turbine engine which achieves mechanical energy from combustion, and a ducted fan that uses the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to force air rearwards...
small-diameter fans used in turbofan engines, the propeller has a large diameter that lets it accelerate a large volume of air. This permits a lower airstream...
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