Martin Schongauer, Madonna of the Rose Bower, 1473
Hortus conclusus is a Latin term, meaning literally "enclosed garden". Both words in hortus conclusus refer linguistically to enclosure.[1] It describes a type of garden that was enclosed as a practical concern, a major theme in the history of gardening, where walled gardens were and are common.[2] The garden room is a similar feature, usually less fully enclosed.
Having roots in the Song of Songs in the Hebrew scriptures, the term hortus conclusus has importantly been applied as an emblematic attribute and a title of the Virgin Mary in Medieval and Renaissance poetry[3] and art, first appearing in paintings and manuscript illuminations about 1330[4][5]
^Clifford, A History of Garden design, (New York:Praeger) 1963:17.
^Rob Aben and Saskia de Wit, The Enclosed Garden: History and Development of the Hortus Conclusus and its Re-Introduction into the Present-Day Urban Landscape (Rotterdam) 1999. A typological catalogue of design features and a design manual.
^Stanley Stewart, The Enclosed Garden: The Tradition and Image in Seventeenth-Century Poetry (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press) 1966, discussed late sixteenth and seventeenth-century poetry in English; its four first chapters trace the hortus conclusus theme in European literatures and the visual arts.
^Michelle P. Brown, "The World of the Luttrell Psalter" British Library 2006,
^Brian E. Daley, "The 'Closed Garden'and the 'Sealed Fountain': Song of Songs 4:12 in the Late Medieval Iconography of Mary", Elizabeth B. Macdougall, editor, Medieval Gardens, Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium 9) 1986, traced the sudden development about 1400 of painted images of the Virgin Mary in a hortus conclusus.
The Madonna on a Crescent Moon in HortusConclusus is a 1450s painting by an unknown artist referred to as the “Master of 1456”.: 309, 312 It is held...
the centre, dates back to the very earliest gardens of Persia. The hortusconclusus or "enclosed garden" of High Medieval Europe was more typically enclosed...
occasionally appears in art, especially in depictions of Mary in the hortusconclusus. Although the term is rarely used in the religious sense in modern...
factor was a shifting view toward a more "enclosed" garden space (hortusconclusus), a dominant trend in Europe at that time. The open views and vistas...
inventory. A rather rare, late-15th-century, variant depiction of the hortusconclusus in religious art combined the Annunciation to Mary with the themes...
the Ghent Altarpiece in Belgium. Images of the Virgin Mary in her hortusconclusus ("enclosed garden") and the "garden of love", a popular subject in...
the Baptist adjacent to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem HortusConclusus triptych, Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp Life of Jesus in the New...
other figures. The Virgin placed in an enclosed garden is known as hortusconclusus, and when she is surrounded by female saints it is known as a Virgo...
ground, usually in a garden setting within an enclosure of some sort, a hortusconclusus. The great veneration of the four capital virgins testifies that the...
Spenser's Faerie Queene. Adonia Arcadia Dream world Heligan Gardens Hortusconclusus The Secret Garden J. B. Russell, A History of Heaven (1998) p. 21 E...
ideals with the ideas of antiquity: from the confined garden spaces (Hortusconclusus) of the medieval cult of Mary to the open Garden of Eden. According...
closing off all but small patches of sky, to give a version of the hortusconclusus or closed garden, a very traditional setting for the Virgin Mary. Saints...
of Mary, in a "Hunt of the Unicorn Annunciation" (ca. 1500) from a Netherlandish book of hours. For the complicated iconography, see HortusConclusus....
nazist celebration of Blood and Soil. Edgelands Gary Snyder Heimat Hortusconclusus Spirit of place Genius loci Topophobia Webster's New International...
draws upon the traditional epithet for the Virgin Mary (“Our Lady”) of hortusconclusus or enclosed garden, a reference to the Song of Songs that indicates...
major themes. In the unicorn series, the hunt takes place within a Hortusconclusus, literally meaning "enclosed garden," which was not only a representation...
medieval feature of a smaller walled garden inside the outer one (HortusConclusus). It contains many other features from earlier ages which have been...
impact. This type of approach returned in the early nineties in the HortusConclusus in Benevento, a garden in which architecture, the environment and objects...
Persia. Julie Scott Meisami describes the medieval Islamic garden as "a hortusconclusus, walled off and protected from the outside world; within, its design...
entirely, in the Renaissance often in a garden, which refers to the hortusconclusus, sometimes an explicit setting for Annunciations. The building is sometimes...
previous summer the stone chapel was surrounded by a closed garden or HortusConclusus in the shape of a heptagon. Shortly after reaching a cease-fire with...
carnations, and at least six other species. The flowers were references to hortusconclusus (enclosed garden), and a symbol of Mary's virginity and purity. The...
Global Information