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Topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks
Diagram of horsts and grabens
In geology, horst and graben (or range and valley) refers to topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks known as horsts and grabens. The features are created by normal faulting and rifting caused by crustal extension.[1] Horst and graben are formed when normal faults of opposite dip occur in pairs with parallel strike, and are always formed together. Each feature can range in size from a few centimeters up to tens of kilometers, and the vertical displacement can be up to several thousand meters. The movement on either side of each block is typically equal, resulting in little tilting.[2]
^"Horst and Graben". National Park Service. 2020-04-22.
often occur side by side with horsts. Horstandgraben structures indicate tensional forces and crustal stretching. Graben are produced from parallel normal...
grabens, while the blocks remaining up or uplifted produce mountains or ranges, also known as horsts. Fault scarps are exposed on the horst block and...
a large vertical displacement. Adjacent raised blocks (horsts) and down-dropped blocks (grabens) can form high escarpments. Often the movement of these...
and by mantle upwelling powered by multiple hot spots around the EARS. This crustal uplift has created extension andhorst-and-graben structures, and...
slab is broken by bending faults that give the outer trench slope a horstandgraben topography. The formation of these bending faults is suppressed where...
people and livestock living on the affected surfaces and damaging to property and infrastructure, such as roads, underground pipes, canals, and dams. In...
Ghost Craters and Basins in Volcanic Smooth Plains on Mercury: Strain Analysis and Implications for Plains Evolution". "horstandgraben". Encyclopædia...
Desert and lies mostly within the Cactus Flat valley, consisting of horstandgraben geology. It is flanked by the Cactus Peak hills to the west and the...
part of the Pannonian Basin plain. The plains are interspersed with horstandgraben structures, believed to have broken the Pliocene Pannonian Sea's surface...
In geology, strike and dip is a measurement convention used to describe the plane orientation or attitude of a planar geologic feature. A feature's strike...
Drava, and Kupa—interspersed with hills and mountains developed as horstandgraben structures. Lika and Gorski Kotar are part of the Dinaric Alps, and contain...
north–south-trending horstandgraben system is developing parallel to the trench; the western slope of the guyot has reached the 9,000 m deep (30,000 ft) trench and has...
structures are high to moderate angle normal faults, with associated half grabensand tilted fault blocks. In areas of high crustal stretching, individual...
normal faulting and rifting, as well as the formation of a back-arc basin. This environment has created a number of horstandgraben features on the seafloor...
Paleozoic and Mesozoic periods. Intense volcanism, the horstandgraben landscape of the Basin and Range Province originating from the Farallon Plate, and both...
downgoing plate results in a horstandgraben structure that allows sediment that reaches the trench to be deposited in grabenand carried downward. This faulting...
northeastern corner of California and the south-central portion of Oregon. The range is a classic example of horstandgraben (fault-block) topography with...
area where faults are completely parallel and overlapping. The geometry is frequently seen in horstandgraben structures. Collinear transfer zones include...
in a horstandgraben valley which was also subject to previous major freshwater lacustrine inundation. The result being a relatively flat and fertile...
1 mi) and a length of 10–20 km (6.2–12.4 mi). They may be created along the flanks of the tectonically active East Pacific Rise as horst-and-graben features...
faulting occurs, either by a system of normal faults (which creates horstsandgrabens) or by a system of listric faults. These fault systems allow the region...
Basin accumulated limestone, chert and marl into the Jurassic. Complex tectonics produced horstandgraben features and some lowlands deposited evaporites...
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