Holostei is a group of ray-finned bony fish. It is divided into two major clades, the Halecomorphi, represented by the single living genus, Amia with two species, the bowfins (Amia calva and Amia ocellicauda), as well as the Ginglymodi, the sole living representatives being the gars (Lepisosteidae), represented by seven living species in two genera (Atractosteus, Lepisosteus).[3] The earliest members of the clade, which are putative "semionotiforms" such as Acentrophorus and Archaeolepidotus, are known from the Middle to Late Permian and are among the earliest known neopterygians.[4][5][1][2]
Holostei was thought to be regarded as paraphyletic. However, a recent study provided evidence that the Holostei are the closest living relates of the Teleostei, both within the Neopterygii. This was found from the morphology of the Holostei, for example presence of a paired vomer.[6] Holosteans are closer to teleosts than are the chondrosteans, the other group intermediate between teleosts and cartilaginous fish, which are regarded as (at the nearest[a]) a sister group to the Neopterygii.
The spiracles of holosteans are reduced to vestigial remnants and the bones are lightly ossified. The thick ganoid scales of the gars are more primitive than those of the bowfin.
^ abBroughton, Richard E.; Betancur-R., Ricardo; Li, Chenhong; Arratia, Gloria; Ortí, Guillermo (2013-04-16). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis reveals the pattern and tempo of bony fish evolution". PLOS Currents. 5: ecurrents.tol.2ca8041495ffafd0c92756e75247483e. doi:10.1371/currents.tol.2ca8041495ffafd0c92756e75247483e (inactive 2024-02-27). ISSN 2157-3999. PMC 3682800. PMID 23788273.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2024 (link)
^ ab"PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
^López-Arbarello, Adriana; Sferco, Emilia (March 2018). "Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (3): 172337. Bibcode:2018RSOS....572337L. doi:10.1098/rsos.172337. PMC 5882744. PMID 29657820.
^Romano, Carlo (2021). "A Hiatus Obscures the Early Evolution of Modern Lineages of Bony Fishes" (PDF). Frontiers in Earth Science. 8: 672. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.618853. ISSN 2296-6463.
^Brinkmann, W.; Romano, C.; Bucher, H.; Ware, D.; Jenks, J. (2010). "Palaeobiogeography and stratigraphy of advanced Gnathostomian fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in the Early Triassic and from selected Anisian localities (report 1863-2009): Literaturbericht". Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie. Teil 2. 2009 (5/6): 765–812. doi:10.5167/uzh-34071. ISSN 0044-4189.
^Hastings, Walker Jr., Galland (2014). FISHES, A GUIDE TO THEIR DIVERSITY. Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 60–62.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Fish portal Holostei is a group of ray-finned bony fish. It is divided into two major clades, the Halecomorphi, represented by the single living genus...
swim bladder could still be used for breathing, a trait still present in Holostei (bowfins and gars). In some fish like the arapaima, the swim bladder has...
of ginglymodians. They are one of two extant orders in the infraclass Holostei alongside the Amiiformes (now represented by only the bowfins). While represented...
Cladistia (bichirs and relatives) Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefish) Holostei (bowfins and gars) Teleostei (96% of living fish species) Sarcopterygii...
relatives of bowfins are gars, with the two groups being united in the clade Holostei. Bowfins are demersal freshwater piscivores, commonly found throughout...
Polypteriformes (reedfishes and bichirs). Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Holostei (gars and bowfins) Infraclass Teleostei (many orders of common fish) Class...
all extinct. Halecomorphs, and its sister group Ginglymodi, belong to Holostei. Holosteans are the sister group of teleosteans, the group to which nearly...
the Actinopteri comprise the Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefish), the Holostei (bowfins and gars), and the teleosts. In other words all extant ray-finned...
Holostei of the Campanian Taxa Presence Location Description Images Amia Early Cretaceous – present North America A genus of amiids which contains all...
extinct taxa. Ginglymodi is one of the two major subgroups of the infraclass Holostei, the other one being Halecomorphi, which contains the bowfin and eyespot...
surviving members of the Holostei are the gars (Ginglymodi) and the bowfin (Halecomorphi). Parasemionotiformes belong to Holostei and are one of the earliest...
The Holostei hypothesis posits that Ginglymodi (gars and their fossil relatives) and Halecomorphi form a clade, called Holostei, and that the Holostei are...
the major group of living neopterygians, rendering the Holostei paraphyletic. The Holostei hypothesis proposes Halecomorphi as the sister group of Ginglymodi...
gars are the bowfin, with the gars and bowfin together forming the clade Holostei; both lineages diverged during the Late Permian. The closest extinct relatives...
a euryhaline ray-finned fish in the clade Ginglymodi of the infraclass Holostei /hoʊˈlɒstiaɪ/, being most closely related to the bowfins. It is the largest...
subclass of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). Neopterygii includes the Holostei and the Teleostei, of which the latter comprise the vast majority of extant...
Vertebrates from the Early-Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan): Holostei and Teleostei, Chelonia, and Squamata" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum...
(Lepisosteidae), with both groups belonging to the clade Ginglymodi within the Holostei. The group includes both freshwater (Semionotidae) and marine (Callipurbeckiidae...
difference, or they will sink. A defining feature of Actinopteri (Chondrostei, Holostei and teleosts) is the swim bladder. Originally present in the last common...
Wijngaarden, C. L.; Reumer, J. W. F. (2024). "A new species of Eosemionotus (Holostei, Macrosemiidae) from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Winterswijk, the...
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