One of three political entities which controlled Okinawa during Sanzan period
Kingdom of Hokuzan
北山
1314–1416
Map of the Three Kingdoms (Sanzan) of Okinawa, with Hokuzan in yellow.
Capital
Nakijin
Common languages
Kunigami
Okinawan
Religion
Ryukyuan religion
Government
Monarchy
King (国王)
• 1322–1395
Haniji
• 1396–1400
Min
• 1401–1416
Hananchi
History
• Established
1314
• Ryukyu unification
1416
• Japanese invasion
5 April 1609
Succeeded by
Ryūkyū Kingdom
History of Ryukyu
Periods
Prehistoric
pre–14,000 BC
Early Shell Mound
14,000–300 BC
Middle Shell Mound
300 BC–750 AD
Late Shell Mound
750–1187
Gusuku period
1187–1314
Tenson dynasty
16616 BC?– 1186 AD?
Shunten dynasty
1187?– 1259?
Eiso dynasty
1260?– 1349
Sanzan
1314–1429
Hokuzan
1314?–1416
Chūzan
1314?–1429
Nanzan
1314?–1429
Ryukyu Kingdom
1429–1879
First Shō dynasty
1429–1469
Second Shō dynasty
1469–1879
Satsuma Invasion
1609
Ryukyu Domain
1872–1879
Japanese Annexation
1879
Meiji
1879–1912
Taishō
1912–1926
Pre-World War II
1926–1945
Militarism
Battle of Okinawa
1945
U. S. administration
1945–1972
Military Government
1945–1950
Civil Administration
1950–1972
Government
1952–1972
Tokara Reversion
1952
Amami Reversion
1953
Koza riot
1970
Okinawa Reversion Agreement
1971
Okinawa Reversion
1972
Okinawa Prefecture
1972–present
Kagoshima Prefecture
1953–present
Topics
Missions to Imperial China
Missions from Imperial China
Missions to Joseon
Missions from Joseon
Missions to Edo
Independence movement
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Hokuzan (北山, Kunigami: Fukuuzan[1]), also known as Sanhoku (山北) before the 18th century, located in the north of Okinawa Island, was one of three independent political entities which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century during Sanzan period. The political entity was identified as a tiny country,[2][3][4] a kingdom, or a principality by modern historians, however the ruler of Hokuzan was in fact not "kings" at all, but petty lords with their own retainers owing their direct service, and their own estates.
Okinawa, previously controlled by a number of local chieftains or lords, loosely bound by a paramount chieftain or king of the entire island, split into these three more solidly defined kingdoms within a few years after 1314; the Sanzan period thus began, and would end roughly one hundred years later, when Chūzan's King Shō Hashi[note 1] conquered Hokuzan in 1416 and Nanzan in 1429.[5]
After the unification of Ryukyu, Hokuzan became one of three nominal fu (府, lit. "prefectures") of the Ryukyu Kingdom without administrative function.
^"フクーザン". 今帰仁方言音声データベース (in Japanese).
^"琉球". デジタル大辞泉 (in Japanese). 14世紀に沖縄島に北山・中山・南山の三つの小国家ができ、のち、中山が統一王朝を樹立。
^"琉球". 百科事典マイペディア (in Japanese). 14世紀半ばごろには沖縄本島に北山(ほくざん)・中山(ちゅうざん)・南山(なんざん)の小国家が形成される。
^"琉球". ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 (in Japanese). 11～12世紀頃から古代首長、按司が割拠、やがて沖縄島には三つの小国家（山北〈北山〉、中山、山南〈南山〉）が形成され、明朝廷にそれぞれ朝貢し覇を競うが、のち中山に統一された（第一尚氏王朝）。
^Chronology of Okinawan History. Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People of Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p. 85.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
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and began the so-called Sanzan period (1314–1429). The north and largest Hokuzan polity was the poorest due to forest and mountainous terrain (in which...
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