This article is about the Austroasiatic language of India. For the Tibeto-Burman language also known as Ho of China, Vietnam and Laos, see Hani language.
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Ho is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[3]
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This article contains Warang Citi characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Warang Citi.
Ho (IPA:[/hoːʤɐgɐr/], Warang Citi: 𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken primarily in India by about 2.2 million people (0.202% of India's population) per the 2001 census. It is spoken by the Ho, Munda, Kolha and Kol tribal communities of Odisha,[4] Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Assam and is written with the Warang Citi script. Devanagari, Latin script, Odia script and Telugu script are sometimes used,[5] although native speakers are said to prefer a Ho script.[6] The latter script was invented by Ott Guru Kol Lako Bodra.
The name "Ho" is derived from the native word "𑣙𑣉𑣉" which means "Human being".[7]
^"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^"Scripts of Ho". Scriptsource.org. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
^Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger(PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.
^"Tribals seek official tag for Ho language - OrissaPOST". 27 October 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
^"The Warang Chiti Alphabet". Swarthmore.edu. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^K David Harrison; Gregory Anderson. "Review of Proposal for Encoding Warang Chiti (Hoorthography) in Unicode" (PDF). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^"Ho Web Sketch: Ho writing" (PDF). Livingtongues.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
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