History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic information
Politics of ancient Rome
Periods
Roman Kingdom 753–509 BC
Roman Republic 509–27 BC
Roman Empire 27 BC – AD 395
Principate 27 BC – AD 284
Dominate AD 284–641
Western AD 395–476
Eastern AD 395–1453
Timeline
Constitution
Kingdom
Republic
Sullan republic
Empire
Augustan reforms
Late Empire
Political institutions
Imperium
Collegiality
Auctoritas
Roman citizenship
Cursus honorum
Assemblies
Centuriate
Curiate
Plebeian
Tribal
Ordinary magistrates
Consul
Praetor
Quaestor
Promagistrate
Aedile
Tribune
Censor
Governor
Extraordinary magistrates
Corrector
Dictator
Magister equitum
Consular tribune
Rex
Triumviri
Decemviri
Public law
Mos maiorum
Ius
Senatus consultum
Quaestio perpetua
Senatus consultum ultimum
Titles and honours
Emperor
Legatus
Dux
Officium
Praeses
Praefectus
Vicarius
Vigintisexviri
Triumvir monetalis
Lictor
Magister militum
Imperator
Princeps senatus
Pontifex maximus
Augustus
Caesar
Tetrarch
Other countries
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The history of the Constitution of the Roman Republic is a study of the ancient Roman Republic that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the Roman Republic in 509 BC until the founding of the Roman Empire in 27 BC. The constitutional history of the Roman Republic can be divided into five phases. The first phase began with the revolution which overthrew the Roman Kingdom in 509 BC, and the final phase ended with the revolution which overthrew the Roman Republic, and thus created the Roman Empire, in 27 BC. Throughout the history of the Republic, the constitutional evolution was driven by the struggle between the aristocracy and the ordinary citizens.
The Roman aristocracy was composed of a class of citizens called Patricians (Latin: patricii), while all other citizens were called Plebeians (Latin: plebs) . During the first phase of political development, the Patrician aristocracy dominated the state, and the Plebeians began seeking political rights. During the second phase, the Plebeians completely overthrew the Patrician aristocracy, and since the aristocracy was overthrown simply through alterations to the Roman law, this revolution was not violent. The third phase saw the emergence of a joint Patricio-Plebeian aristocracy, along with a dangerous military situation that helped to maintain internal stability within the Republic. The fourth phase began shortly after Rome's wars of expansion had ended, because without these wars, the factor that had ensured internal stability was removed. While the Plebeians sought to address their economic misfortune through the enactment of laws, the underlying problems were ultimately caused by the organization of society. The final phase began when Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon river, and ended with the complete overthrow of the Republic. This final revolution triggered a wholesale reorganization of the constitution, and with it, the emergence of the Roman Empire.
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