Most textbooks date the establishment of the "Publicity Bureau" in 1900 as the start of the modern public relations (PR) profession. Of course, there were many early forms of public influence and communications management in history. Basil Clarke is considered the founder of the PR profession in Britain with his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924. Academic Noel Turnball points out that systematic PR was employed in Britain first by religious evangelicals and Victorian reformers, especially opponents of slavery. In each case the early promoters focused on their particular movement and were not for hire more generally.
Propaganda was used by both sides to rally domestic support and demonize enemies during the First World War. PR activists entered the private sector in the 1920s. Public relations became established first in the U.S. by Ivy Lee or Edward Bernays, then spread internationally. Many American companies with PR departments spread the practice to Europe after 1948 when they created European subsidiaries as a result of the Marshall Plan.
The second half of the twentieth century was the professional development building era of public relations. Trade associations, PR news magazines, international PR agencies, and academic principles for the profession were established. In the early 2000s, press release services began offering social media press releases. The Cluetrain Manifesto, which predicted the impact of social media in 1999, was controversial in its time, but by 2006, the effect of social media and new internet technologies became broadly accepted.
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establishment of the "Publicity Bureau" in 1900 as the start of the modern publicrelations (PR) profession. Of course, there were many early forms ofpublic influence...
Publicrelations (PR) is the practice of managing and disseminating information from an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency...
Publicrelations is a term that refers to the management of communications between an entity such as an organization or a celebrity, and stakeholders...
is provided as an overview of and topical guide to publicrelations: Publicrelations – practice of managing the spread of information between an individual...
The PublicRelations Society of America (PRSA) is a nonprofit trade association for publicrelations professionals. It was founded in 1947 by combining...
American pioneer in the field ofpublicrelations and propaganda, and referred to in his obituary as "the father ofpublicrelations". His best-known campaigns...
International relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states. The scientific study of those interactions is also referred to as international...
percent of the $1 billion chip market. American business historyHistoryof broadcasting Historyof advertising in Britain Historyofpublicrelations Marketing...
in PublicRelations (APR), the Accreditation in PublicRelations and Military Communications (APR+M), and the Certificate in Principles ofPublic Relations...
quarterly by the PublicRelations Society of America. The editor-in-chief is Donald K. Wright (Boston University). The PublicRelations Journal was established...
The historyof French foreign relations covers French diplomacy and foreign relations down to 1981. For the more recent developments, see foreign relations...
(1648–1814) International relations (1814–1919) Diplomatic historyof World War I International relations (1919–1939) Diplomatic historyof World War II Cold...
book to define and explain the field of public relations. Bernays defines the counsel on publicrelations, as, more than a press agent, someone who can...
In publicrelations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such...
The Taiwan Relations Act (TRA; Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 96–8, H.R. 2479, 93 Stat. 14, enacted April 10, 1979) is an act of the United...
a British PR agent and author with an interest in the historyofpublicrelations and the art of the publicity stunt. He attended King's Stanley Junior...
Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1964. p. 42. "Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and...
fields of political science and economics. Public – in publicrelations and communication science, the contexts of "public" are: Publics – groups of individuals...
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