The history of hospitals began in antiquity with hospitals in Greece, the Roman Empire and on the Indian subcontinent as well, starting with precursors in the Asclepian temples in ancient Greece and then the military hospitals in ancient Rome. The Greek temples were dedicated to the sick and infirm but did not look anything like modern hospitals. The Romans did not have dedicated, public hospitals. Public hospitals, per se, did not exist until the Christian period.[1] Towards the end of the 4th century, the "second medical revolution"[2] took place with the founding of the first Christian hospital in the eastern Byzantine Empire by Basil of Caesarea, and within a few decades, such hospitals had become ubiquitous in Byzantine society.[3] The hospital would undergo development and progress throughout Byzantine, medieval European and Islamic societies from the 5th to the 15th century. European exploration brought hospitals to colonies in North America, Africa, and Asia.
St Bartholomew's hospital in West Smithfield in London, founded in 1123, is widely considered the oldest functioning hospital today. Originally a charitable institution, currently an NHS hospital it continues to provide free care to Londoners, as it has for 900 years. In contrast, the Mihintale Hospital in Sri Lanka, established in the 9th century is probably the site with the oldest archaeological evidence available for a hospital in the world.[4] Serving monks and the local community, it represents early advancements in healthcare practices.[5][6]
Early Chinese and Japanese hospitals were established by Western missionaries in the 1800s[citation needed]. In the early modern era care and healing would transition into a secular affair in the West for many hospitals.[7] During World War I and World War II, many military hospitals and hospital innovations were created. Government run hospitals increased in Korea, Japan, China, and the Middle East after World War II. In the late 1900s and 21st century, hospital networks and government health organizations were formed to manage groups of hospitals to control costs and share resources. Many smaller, less efficient hospitals in the West were closed because they could not be sustained.
^Smith, Virginia (2008). Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity. Oxford University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0199532087.
^Jonson, Albert (2000). A Short History of Medical Ethics. Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 019536984X.
^Nutton, Vivian (2012). Ancient medicine. Routledge. pp. 306–307. ISBN 9780415520959.
^Mueller-Dietz, Heinz E. (1996). "Stone "Sarcophagi" and Ancient Hospitals in Sri Lanka". Medizinhistorisches Journal. 31 (1/2): 49–65. JSTOR 25805149.
^"ANCIENT HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN SRI LANKA | Facts and Details".
^"Hospital – Ownership, Services, Length of Stay, and Financing | Britannica".
^Cunningham, Andrew; Ole Peter Grell, eds. (2002). Health care and poor relief in protestant Europe 1500–1700. Routledge. pp. 130–133. ISBN 0415121302.
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