The concept of entropy developed in response to the observation that a certain amount of functional energy released from combustion reactions is always lost to dissipation or friction and is thus not transformed into useful work. Early heat-powered engines such as Thomas Savery's (1698), the Newcomen engine (1712) and the Cugnot steam tricycle (1769) were inefficient, converting less than two percent of the input energy into useful work output; a great deal of useful energy was dissipated or lost. Over the next two centuries, physicists investigated this puzzle of lost energy; the result was the concept of entropy.
In the early 1850s, Rudolf Clausius set forth the concept of the thermodynamic system and posited the argument that in any irreversible process a small amount of heat energy δQ is incrementally dissipated across the system boundary. Clausius continued to develop his ideas of lost energy, and coined the term entropy.
Since the mid-20th century the concept of entropy has found application in the field of information theory, describing an analogous loss of data in information transmission systems.
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The concept ofentropy developed in response to the observation that a certain amount of functional energy released from combustion reactions is always...
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used...
relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the 20th century. In 1910 American historian...
Entropy is one of the few quantities in the physical sciences that require a particular direction for time, sometimes called an arrow of time. As one goes...
holes carried no entropy, it would be possible to violate the second law by throwing mass into the black hole. The increase of the entropyof the black hole...
in a cyclic process." The second law of thermodynamics establishes the concept ofentropy as a physical property of a thermodynamic system. It predicts...
The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize...
The principle of maximum entropy states that the probability distribution which best represents the current state of knowledge about a system is the one...
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropyof a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature...
the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm of a distribution...
entropyof X. The above definition of transfer entropy has been extended by other types ofentropy measures such as Rényi entropy. Transfer entropy is...
will evolve to a state of no thermodynamic free energy, and will therefore be unable to sustain processes that increase entropy. Heat death does not imply...
A thermodynamic free entropy is an entropic thermodynamic potential analogous to the free energy. Also known as a Massieu, Planck, or Massieu–Planck potentials...
include mass, volume and entropy. Not all properties of matter fall into these two categories. For example, the square root of the volume is neither intensive...
reversible case, the change in entropyof the surroundings is equal and opposite to the change in the system, so the change in entropyof the universe is zero....
concept ofentropy by Clausius and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. According to Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy...
specific entropy) of the system at any instant during the whole process; otherwise, since no internal equilibrium is established, different parts of the system...
Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information and Computing. Bristol: Adam Hilger. ISBN 978-0-7503-0057-5. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Historyof thermodynamics...
equation for the entropyof an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma. The classical thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas...
energy of the system H {\textstyle H} is the enthalpy of the system S {\textstyle S} is the entropyof the system T {\textstyle T} is the temperature of the...
{d} \rho } The above expression of the first law in terms ofentropy change defines the entropic conjugate variables of u {\displaystyle u} and ρ {\displaystyle...
piece of wood can be burned, but cannot be "unburned". The word 'entropy' has entered popular usage to refer a lack of order or predictability, or of a gradual...
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