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A Romanesque painting of a war elephant, believed to be Abul-Abbas. Spain, 11th century.The Cremona elephant as depicted in the Chronica maiora, Part II, Parker Library, MS 16, fol. 151vSketch of Hanno and mahout, after Raphael, c. 1514.
The history of elephants in Europe dates back to the time of the Roman Empire, but previously, during the Ice Age, relatives of elephants were spread across the globe, including Europe. Mammoths roamed the northern parts of the Earth, from Europe to North America. The straight-tusked elephant of mainland Europe principally inhabited the Mediterranean, but reached the rest of Europe during warm interglacial periods. While it went extinct during the last Ice Age, insular dwarf forms such as the Cyprus dwarf elephant, the pygmy elephant, the Naxos dwarf elephant and the Rhodes dwarf elephant survived longer, and the last Mediterranean elephant species survived on Tilos until about 4000 years ago.[1] Subsequently the presence of actual elephants in Europe was only due to importation of these animals.
^"Elephas tiliensis n. sp. from Tilos island (Dodecanese, Greece)" (PDF).
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military units using elephant-mounted troops. War elephants played a critical role in several key battles in antiquity, especially in ancient India. While...
War elephants were used in Iranian military history, most notably in Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Sasanian periods. These were Asian elephants recruited...
Elephants and sirenians are further grouped in the clade Tethytheria. Three species of living elephants are recognised; the African bush elephant (Loxodonta...
list of culturally or scientifically notable elephants. Chirakkal Kalidasan, one of the tallest elephantsin Kerala, also notable for acting in some films...
African elephants are members of the genus Loxodonta comprising two living elephant species, the African bush elephant (L. africana) and the smaller African...
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elephants that are lavishly caparisoned and used in various temple activities. Among the most famous of the temple elephants is Guruvayur Keshavan of...
of captive elephants dates to the Indus Valley Civilization about 4,500 years ago. Since then, captive elephants have been used around the world in war...
Execution by elephant, or Gunga Rao, was a method of capital punishment in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India, where Asian elephants were used...
folded laterally in contrast to African elephants; and wrinkled grey skin. The skin is smoother than African elephants and may be depigmented on the trunk...
Most genera and species in the family are extinct. Only two genera, Loxodonta (African elephants) and Elephas (Asian elephants), are living. The family...
and Arthur find him in the big city and help him return to the Elephant realm. Following the death of the King of the Elephants, who had eaten a poisonous...
(attested for 1255). HistoryofelephantsinEurope List of individual elephants William S. Heckscher: Bernini's Elephant and Obelisk. In: Art Bulletin 29...
forest elephants, Asian elephants, woolly mammoths and American mastodons revealed that the African forest elephant and African bush elephant are two...
some of the largest known species ofelephants, over 4 metres (13 ft) tall at the shoulders, including the African Palaeoloxodon recki, the European straight-tusked...
war elephants and Antiochus 62,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 102 elephants. This is the only known battle in which African and Asian elephants were...
"beat the elephants with a bullhook as hard as they can and sink the sharp metal hook into the elephant's flesh and twist it until they scream in pain"....
in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America. Mammoths are distinguished from living elephants by their (typically large) spirally twisted tusks and in...
were generally baffled on its lack of analogue to modern elephants, leading to varying hypothesis on the affinities of the teeth. More complete skeletons...
elephants feature on the coinage of Juba II of Numidia, in the 1st century BC. Elephants were used in the Roman campaigns against the Celtiberians in...
1–2.3 metres (3 ft 3 in – 7 ft 7 in) shoulder height) in comparison with their immediate ancestors. Dwarf elephants are an example of insular dwarfism, the...
of eyewitnesses Seeing pink elephants – Euphemism for drunken hallucination caused by alcoholic hallucinosis or delirium tremens Seeing the elephant –...
1000, likely as a result of human activity. Elephant birds comprised three species, one in the genus Mullerornis, and two in Aepyornis. Aepyornis maximus...
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