This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. You can help providing page numbers for existing citations.(September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
D. D. Palmer
The history of chiropractic began in 1895 when Daniel David Palmer of Iowa performed the first chiropractic adjustment on a partially deaf janitor, Harvey Lillard.While Lillard was working without his shirt on in Palmer's office, Lillard bent over to empty the trash can. Palmer noticed that Lillard had a vertebra out of position. He asked Lillard what happened, and Lillard replied, "I moved the wrong way, and I heard a 'pop' in my back, and that's when I lost my hearing." Palmer, who was also involved in many other natural healing philosophies, had Lillard lie face down on the floor and proceeded with the adjustment. The next day, Lillard told Palmer, "I can hear that rackets on the streets."[1][page needed] This experience led Palmer to open a school of chiropractic two years later. Rev. Samuel H. Weed coined the word "chiropractic" by combining the Greek words cheiro (hand) and praktikos (doing or action).
Chiropractic's early philosophy was rooted in vitalism, naturalism, magnetism, spiritualism and other constructs that are not amenable to the scientific method, although Palmer tried to merge science and metaphysics.[2] In 1896, Palmer's first descriptions and underlying philosophy of chiropractic echoed Andrew Still's principles of osteopathy established a decade earlier.[3] Both described the body as a "machine" whose parts could be manipulated to produce a drugless cure. Both professed the use of spinal manipulation on joint dysfunction/subluxation to improve health. Palmer distinguished his work by noting that he was the first to use short-lever HVLA (high velocity low amplitude) joint manipulation techniques using the spinous process and transverse processes as mechanical levers. He described the effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation as being mediated primarily by the nervous system.[4]
Despite the similarities between chiropractic and osteopathy, the latter's practitioners sought to differentiate themselves by seeking licensure to regulate the profession, calling chiropractic a "bastardized form of osteopathy".[3] In 1907 in a test of the new osteopathy law, a Wisconsin-based chiropractor was charged with practicing osteopathic medicine without a license. Practicing medicine without a license led to many chiropractors, including D.D. Palmer, being jailed.[3] Ironically, Palmer's legal defence of chiropractic consisted of the first chiropractic textbook Modernized Chiropractic published in 1906, written by "mixer" chiropractors Longworthy, Smith, et al., whom Palmer despised. Although the chiropractors won their first test case in Wisconsin in 1907, prosecutions instigated by state medical boards became increasingly common and in many cases they were successful. In response, chiropractors conducted political campaigns to secure separate licensing statutes, eventually succeeding in all fifty states, from Kansas in 1913 to Louisiana in 1974.
Division within the profession has been intense, with "mixers" combining spinal adjustments with other treatments, and "straights" relying solely on spinal adjustments. A conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health in 1975 spurred the development of chiropractic research. The American Medical Association called chiropractic an "unscientific cult"[5] and boycotted it until losing a 1987 antitrust case.[6][page needed] For most of its existence, chiropractic has battled with mainstream medicine, sustained by antiscientific and pseudoscientific ideas such as subluxation.[6][page needed] By the mid-1990s there was a growing scholarly interest in chiropractic.[6][page needed]
^Cite error: The named reference SciArtPhi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Leach, Robert (2004). The Chiropractic Theories: A Textbook of Scientific Research. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. p. 15. ISBN 0683307479.
^ abcCite error: The named reference Ernst-eval was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
The historyofchiropractic began in 1895 when Daniel David Palmer of Iowa performed the first chiropractic adjustment on a partially deaf janitor, Harvey...
Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system...
Throughout its history, chiropractic has been the subject of internal and external controversy and criticism. According to magnetic healer Daniel D. Palmer...
Chiropractic education trains students in chiropractic. The entry criteria, structure, teaching methodology and nature ofchiropractic programs offered...
Palmer College ofChiropractic is a private chiropractic college with its main campus in Davenport, Iowa. It was established in 1897 by Daniel David Palmer...
pseudoscientific concept of a chiropractic "vertebral subluxation" may or may not be visible on x-rays. The term is used in the fields of medicine, dentistry...
Association for the HistoryofChiropractic, founded in 1980, promotes the scholarly study and recording of the historyofchiropractic. It publishes books...
Sports chiropractic is a specialty ofchiropractic. It generally requires post-graduate coursework and a certification or diplomate status granted by...
their version of spinal manipulation (known as chiropractic adjustment) as their primary treatment method, with non-chiropractic use of spinal manipulation...
Anglo-European College ofChiropractic (2008). Historyofchiropractic. Available from: "HistoryofChiropractic - AECC Chiropractic College - Daniel David...
In chiropractic, a vertebral subluxation means pressure on nerves, abnormal functions creating a lesion in some portion of the body, either in its action...
the HistoryofChiropractic. Retrieved 2008-06-16. Lerner, Report on the historyofchiropractic, p. 41. "About Up C Spine - HistoryofChiropractic". upcspine...
This is a list of people in the chiropractic profession, comprising chiropractors and other people who have been notably connected with the profession...
founder ofchiropractic. Palmer was born in Pickering Township, Canada West, but emigrated to the United States in 1865. He was also an avid proponent of pseudoscientific...
Doctors holding the DC (Doctor ofChiropractic) degree may claim numerous credentials, denoted by letters placed after the doctor's name in official correspondences...
Veterinary chiropractic, also known as animal chiropractic, is chiropractic for animals – a type of spinal manipulation. Veterinary chiropractors typically...
many chiropractic techniques invented in the 19th century by Daniel David Palmer, the founder ofChiropractic. Claims made for the benefits of spinal...
Life Chiropractic College West is a private chiropractic school in Hayward, California, US, known for its Doctor ofChiropractic degree program. Founded...
on the health sciences. The university offers professional degrees in chiropractic and naturopathic medicine, master's degrees in acupuncture and Oriental...
Columbia Institute ofChiropractic and New York Chiropractic College, before being renamed in 2021. It is one of 18 chiropractic colleges in the United...
The university was founded in 1974 by Williams as "Life Chiropractic College" on the site of a placer gold mine, next to Southern Technical Institute...
undergraduate, postgraduate, and short courses in a range of health sciences disciplines. These include Chiropractic, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiography, Physiotherapy...
The British Chiropractic Association (BCA) was founded in 1925 and represents over 50% of UK chiropractors. It is the largest and longest established...
taught at 5 chiropractic colleges/universities: Palmer School ofChiropractic, North Western University of Sciences, Sherman College ofChiropractic, Life University...