The history of accounting or accountancy can be traced to ancient civilizations.[1][2][3]
The early development of accounting dates to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money[1][4][5] and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians.[2] By the time of the Roman Empire, the government had access to detailed financial information.[6]
In India, Chanakya wrote a manuscript similar to a financial management book, during the period of the Mauryan Empire. His book Arthashastra contains few detailed aspects of maintaining books of accounts for a sovereign state.
The Italian Luca Pacioli, recognized as The Father of accounting and bookkeeping was the first person to publish a work on double-entry bookkeeping, and introduced the field in Italy.[7][8]
The modern profession of the chartered accountant originated in Scotland in the nineteenth century. Accountants often belonged to the same associations as solicitors, who often offered accounting services to their clients. Early modern accounting had similarities to today's forensic accounting. Accounting began to transition into an organized profession in the nineteenth century,[9] with local professional bodies in England merging to form the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales in 1880.[10]
^ abKeith, Robson. 1992. “Accounting Numbers as ‘inscription’: Action at a Distance and the Development of Accounting.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 17 (7): 685–708.
^ abA History of ACCOUNTANCY, New York State Society of CPAs, November 2003, retrieved December 28, 2013
^The History of Accounting, University of South Australia, April 30, 2013, archived from the original on December 28, 2013, retrieved December 28, 2013
^Cite error: The named reference G 1980 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference OD 2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference O 1995 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Heeffer, Albrecht (November 2009). "On the curious historical coincidence of algebra and double-entry bookkeeping" (PDF). Foundations of the Formal Sciences. Ghent University. p. 11.
^Cite error: The named reference LW 1994 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Timeline of the History of the Accountancy Profession, Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, 2013, retrieved December 28, 2013
^Cite error: The named reference Perks16 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 24 Related for: History of accounting information
related activities. Accounting has existed in various forms and levels of sophistication throughout human history. The double-entry accounting system in use...
AccountingHistory is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the historyofaccounting. The journal's editors-in-chief are Carolyn Fowler...
whether to debit or credit a specific account, we use either the accounting equation approach (based on five accounting rules), or the classical approach...
Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process ofaccounting in business and other organizations. It involves preparing...
management accounting or managerial accounting, managers use accounting information in decision-making and to assist in the management and performance of their...
Standard cost accounting is a traditional cost accounting method introduced in the 1920s, as an alternative for the traditional cost accounting method based...
An accounting network or accounting association is a professional services network whose principal purpose is to provide members resources to assist the...
AccountingHistory Review is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the historyofaccounting published by Routledge. It was formerly known...
index ofaccounting topics. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Accounting ethics - Accounting information system - Accounting research...
A basis ofaccounting is the time various financial transactions are recorded. The cash basis (EU VAT vocabulary cash accounting) and the accrual basis...
Creative accounting is a euphemism referring to accounting practices that may follow the letter of the rules of standard accounting practices, but deviate...
ethics in accounting in 2009 Accounting ethics is primarily a field of applied ethics and is part of business ethics and human ethics, the study of moral...
management accounting principles for these purposes is managerial costing principles. The two management accounting principles are: Principle of Causality...
largest accounting fraud in world history. The $64.8 billion claimed to be in Madoff accounts dwarfed the $11 billion fraud at WorldCom. Accounting ethics...
The historyof insurance traces the development of the modern business of insurance against risks, especially regarding cargo, property, death, automobile...
Financial accounting is a branch ofaccounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions related to a business. This...
outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to accounting: Accounting – measurement, statement or provision of assurance about financial information...
services, require cost accounting to track their activities. Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business...
meaning of the notches continue to be debated in academic literature. The earliest known writing for record keeping emerged from a system ofaccounting that...
assumption that accounting both measures and makes visible certain economic events, accounting research has studied the roles ofaccounting in organizations...
Hollywood accounting (also known as Hollywood bookkeeping) is the opaque or creative set ofaccounting methods used by the film, video, television and...
Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) to promulgate cost accounting standards designed to achieve uniformity and consistency in the cost accounting principles...
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has come out with a concept release on the same. Cost accounting is a process for verifying the cost of manufacturing...