Not to be confused with Hindu literature, the specific literature of the Hindu religious tradition.
Not to be confused with Sindhi literature.
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Indian literature
Ancient
Ancient Meitei
Pali
Prakrit
Sanskrit
Tamil
Tamil Sangam
Vedic Sanskrit
Early Medieval
Kannada (Extinct Kannada)
Malayalam
Odia
Telugu
Medieval to early Modern
Assamese
Awadhi
Bengali
Braj
Bhojpuri
English
Gujarati
Hindi
Kashmiri
Kokborok
Konkani
Maithili
Marathi
Meitei
Mizo
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Sindhi
Urdu
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Hindi literature (Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, romanized: hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles- गद्य (Gadya-prose), पद्य( Padya- poetry) and चम्प्पू (Campū -Prosimetrum.)[1] In terms of historical development, it is broadly classified into five prominent forms (genres) based on the date of production. They are:
Ādi Kāl /Vīr-Gāthā Kāl (आदि काल/वीरगाथा काल) -- [prior to & including 14th century CE.] This period was marked by Poems extolling brave warriors.
Bhakti Kāl (भक्ति काल) --[14th–18th century CE.] Prominent genre in this period was Poems of Devotion due to Bhakti Movement.
Rīti Kāl /Śṛṅgār Kāl (रीति काल/ शृंगार काल) -- [18th–20th century CE.] The major genre of this period is Poems of Romance which are marked with high ornamentalism.
Ādhunik Kāl (आधुनिक काल) -- [from 1850 CE onwards.] Literally means Modern literature.
Navyottar Kāl (नव्योत्तर काल) -- [from 1980 CE onwards.] Literally means Post- Modern literature.
The literature was produced in dialects such as Khariboli, Braj, Bundeli, Awadhi, Kannauji, as well as Marwari, and Chhattisgarhi.[2] From the 20th century, works produced in Modern Standard Hindi, a register of Hindustani written in the Devanagari script, are sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi (excluding Urdu literature of Hindustani language).[3]
^Narayan Ram Acharya. Subhashita Ratna Bhandagara (in Sanskrit). sanskritebooks.org/.
^"Hindi Language, Hindi Language Of India, Hindi Official Language Of India, Hindi Boli, Devnagri, Mother Tongue Of India, History Of Hindi Literature". languages.iloveindia.com.
^"संविधान में हिंदी- डॉ लक्ष्मीमल्ल सिंघवी का आलेख". www.abhivyakti-hindi.org.
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