A depiction of an individual done by John Gerrard Keulemans in 1890
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Family:
Canidae
Genus:
Vulpes
Species:
V. vulpes
Subspecies:
V. v. montana
Trinomial name
Vulpes vulpes montana
Pearson, 1836
Synonyms
Vulpes vulpes nepalensis J. E. Gray, 1837
Vulpes vulpes himalaicus Ogilby, 1837
Vulpes vulpes alopex Blanford, 1888
Vulpes vulpes waddelli Bonhote, 1906
Vulpes vulpes ladacensis Matschie, 1907
The hill fox[1] (Vulpes vulpes montana),[2] also known as the hill red fox,[1] or the Himalayan red fox,[3] is a subspecies of the red fox that is native to parts of the Himalayan Mountain Range and Karakoram Mountain Range. It has two noticeable populations: one being in northeastern India, far southern Nepal, and far northern Bangladesh. The other is in portions of far northwestern India, and northeastern Pakistan. Populations may be present in way far southwestern China, and in other areas of the Himalayas.[4] Its natural range is made up of rocky terrain, low grasslands, and tundra within a temperate climate.[5] The hill fox is differentiated from the nominate subspecies by having a smaller sized body, smaller skull, teeth, and by having rough or coarse hair. Its feet hair are mixed with softer, woolly hair.[6] It is occasionally known to build dens near human-urbanized areas.[7] Additionally, researchers found these foxes in Shigar valley, Karakorum Range, Pakistan and studied their living habits and their locations of dens. Their studies showed that in their resting state 83.33% of the foxes have a den in a grass/bare habitat.” [7] Many Vulpes Vulpes Montanas are high altitude animals and they have many mechanism adaptations due to their environment. Studies have shown that “many high-altitude animals reduced O2 demand by suppressing total metabolism to compensate for a reduced cellular O2 supply as a response to hypoxia.” [8] There are many studies that take account of their genetic information to understand their evolution and adaptation in high-altitude habitats. One study used, “blood samples obtained from a wild female red fox captured from Lhasa in Tibet, China. Qinghai--Tibet Plateau is the highest plateau in the world with an average elevation above 3500 m.” [9] In this study they analyzed the sequences of their genes and found a gene that corresponds to their ability to adapt in their environments.
^ ab"Hill Fox - Vulpes vulpes montana". Observation.org. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
^ENVPK (2021-05-04). "Ecosystem Zones and Climatic Biomes of Pakistan". Retrieved 2023-06-15.
^Pocock, Reginald Innes (1941). "The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Mammalia Volume 2, Carnivora: Aeluroidea, Arctoidea". The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. 2 – via Internet Archive.
^ abZaman, Muhammad; Tolhurst, Bryony; Zhu, Mengyan; Jiang, Guangshun (May 22, 2020). "Den-site selection at multiple scales by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes subsp. montana) in a patchy human-dominated landscape" (PDF). Global Ecology and Conservation. 23: 3. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01136. S2CID 219785643 – via ScienceDirect.
^T, Lyu; X, Yang; H, Zhang (2022). "Comparative transcriptomics of high-altitude Vulpes and their low-altitude relatives". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.999411.
^J, Zhang; H, Zhang; C, Zhao; L, Chen; W, Sha; G, Liu (2015). "The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Tibetan red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana)". Mitochondrial DNA. 26 (5): 739–741. doi:10.3109/19401736.2013.845766. PMID 24456141. S2CID 30430769.
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