This article is about the Dutch painter. For other uses, see Hieronymus Bosch (disambiguation).
Hieronymus Bosch
Jheronimus Bosch
Portrait of Hieronymus Bosch from the Recueil d'Arras
Born
Jheronimus van Aken
c. 1450
's-Hertogenbosch, Duchy of Brabant, Burgundian Netherlands
Died
Buried on (1516-08-09)9 August 1516 (aged 65–66)
's-Hertogenbosch, Duchy of Brabant, Habsburg Netherlands
Known for
Painting
Notable work
The Garden of Earthly Delights The Temptation of St. Anthony
Movement
Early Netherlandish, Renaissance
Signature
The Owl's Nest, Pen and bistre on paper, 140 × 196 mm. Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen.
Hieronymus Bosch (/haɪˈrɒnɪməsbɒʃ,bɔːʃ,bɔːs/,[1][2][3][4]Dutch:[ɦijeːˈroːnimʏzˈbɔs]ⓘ;[a] born Jheronimus van Aken[5][jeːˈroːnimʏsfɑnˈaːkə(n)];[b] c. 1450 – 9 August 1516) was a Dutch painter from Brabant. He is one of the most notable representatives of the Early Netherlandish painting school. His work, generally oil on oak wood, mainly contains fantastic illustrations of religious concepts and narratives.[6] Within his lifetime his work was collected in the Netherlands, Austria, and Spain, and widely copied, especially his macabre and nightmarish depictions of hell.
Little is known of Bosch's life, though there are some records. He spent most of it in the town of 's-Hertogenbosch, where he was born in his grandfather's house. The roots of his forefathers are in Nijmegen and Aachen (which is visible in his surname: Van Aken). His pessimistic fantastical style cast a wide influence on northern art of the 16th century, with Pieter Bruegel the Elder being his best-known follower. Today, Bosch is seen as a highly individualistic painter with deep insight into humanity's desires and deepest fears. Attribution has been especially difficult; today only about 25 paintings are confidently given to his hand[7] along with eight drawings. About another half-dozen paintings are confidently attributed to his workshop. His most acclaimed works consist of a few triptych altarpieces, including The Garden of Earthly Delights.
^"Bosch, Hieronymus". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021.
^"Bosch". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^"Bosch". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^"Bosch". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^Dijck (2000): pp. 43–44. His birth is undocumented. However, the Dutch historian G.C.M. van Dijck points out that the vast majority of contemporary archival entries state his name as being Jheronimus van Aken. Variants on his name are Jeronimus van Aken (Dijck (2000): pp. 173, 186), Jheronimus anthonissen van aken (Marijnissen ([1987]): p. 12), Jeronimus Van aeken (Marijnissen ([1987]): p. 13), Joen (Dijck (2000): pp. 170–171, 174–177), and Jeroen (Dijck (2000): pp. 170, 174).
^Catherine B. Scallen, The Art of the Northern Renaissance (Chantilly: The Teaching Company, 2007) Lecture 26
^Cite error: The named reference Siegal1Feb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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