Hideki Tojo information

Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo
東條英機
	Tojo c. 1945
Prime Minister of Japan
	In office; 18 October 1941 – 22 July 1944
Monarch	Hirohito
Preceded by	Fumimaro Konoe
Succeeded by	Kuniaki Koiso
Minister of the Army
	In office; 22 July 1940 – 22 July 1944
Prime Minister	Fumimaro Konoe (1940–1941); Himself (1941–1944)
Preceded by	Shunroku Hata
Succeeded by	Hajime Sugiyama
Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army; General Staff
	In office; 21 February 1944 – 18 July 1944
Prime Minister	Hideki Tojo (Himself)
Preceded by	Hajime Sugiyama
Succeeded by	Yoshijirō Umezu
Personal details
Born	30 December 1884; Kōjimachi Ward, Tokyo, Empire of Japan
Died	23 December 1948 (aged 63); Sugamo Prison, Tokyo, Occupied Japan
Cause of death	Execution by hanging
Political party	Imperial Rule Assistance Association (1940–1945)
Other political; affiliations	Independent (before 1940)
Spouse	Katsuko Ito (m. 1909)
Children	3 sons, 4 daughters
Parents	Hidenori Tojo (father); Chitose Tojo (mother);
Alma mater	Imperial Japanese Army Academy; Army War College;
Awards	Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun; Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd Class; Order of the Sacred Treasure;
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Branch/service	Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service	1902–1945
Rank	General
Commands	Kwantung Army (1932–1934)
Battles/wars	Russian Civil War; Japanese invasion of Manchuria; February 26 Incident; Second Sino-Japanese War; Operation Chahar; World War II;
	Criminal conviction
Criminal status	Executed
Conviction(s)	Crimes against peace; War crimes
Trial	International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Criminal penalty	Death
Details
Victims	Millions
Span of crimes	1937–1945
Country	Multiple countries across Asia
Target(s)	Chinese, Korean, Indochinese, Indonesian, Malaysian, Fillipino, Australian, and other civilians; Allied prisoners of war
Japanese name
Kana	とうじょうひでき
Kyūjitai	東條英機
Shinjitai	東条英機
Romanization
Transcriptions
Romanization	Tōjō Hideki

Hideki Tojo (東條英機, Tōjō Hideki, pronounced [toːʑoː çideki] ^ⓘ; 30 December 1884 – 23 December 1948) was a Japanese politician, military leader and convicted war criminal who served as prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. He assumed several more positions including chief of staff of the Imperial Army before ultimately being removed from power in July 1944. During his years in power, his leadership was marked by extreme state-perpetrated violence in the name of Japanese ultranationalism, much of which he was personally involved in.

Tojo was born to a relatively low-ranking former samurai family in the Kōjimachi district of Tokyo. He began his career in the Army in 1902 and steadily rose through the ranks to become a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) by 1934. In March 1937, he was promoted to chief of staff of the Kwantung Army whereby he led military operations against the Chinese in Inner Mongolia and the Chahar-Suiyan provinces. By July 1940, he was appointed minister of the army in the Japanese government led by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe.

On the eve of the Second World War's expansion into Asia and the Pacific, Tojo was an outspoken advocate for a preemptive attack on the United States and its European allies. Upon being appointed prime minister on 17 October 1941, he oversaw the Empire of Japan's decision to go to war as well as its ensuing conquest of much of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands in the Pacific Theater of World War II. During the course of the war, Tojo presided over numerous war crimes, including the massacre and starvation of civilians and prisoners of war, as part of the wider Asian Holocaust.

After the war's tide decisively turned against Japan, Tojo resigned as prime minister on 18 July 1944. Following his nation's surrender to the Allied powers in September 1945, he was arrested, convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in the Tokyo Trials, sentenced to death, and hanged on 23 December 1948. To this day, Tojo's complicity in the July 1937 invasion of China, the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and numerous acts of mass murder have firmly intertwined his legacy with the Empire of Japan's warmongering brutality during the early Shōwa era.

^ Yenne, p. 337.

[FOOTNOTEYenne337-1] Yenne, p. 337.

Hideki Tojo information

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